घाम

Haryanvi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás

Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá)

Prakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma)

Haryanvi घाम

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma), from Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- + *-mós.

Noun

घाम (ghām)

1. sunshine

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás

Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá)

Prakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma)

Hindi घाम

Inherited from Prakrit घम्म (ghamma), from Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰor-mós, from *gʷʰer- (“warm”). Doublet of गर्म (garm) and घर्म (gharm), and related to घिन (ghin). Cognate with Awadhi घामु (ghāmu), Bengali ঘাম (gham), Gujarati ઘામ (ghām), Nepali घाम (ghām), Romani kham, and distantly with English warm, furnace.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɡʱɑːm/, [ɡʱä̃ːm]

Noun

घाम • (ghām) m or f (Urdu spelling گھام)

1. heat and light of the sun
2. sunstroke, glare
3. sultriness
4. (figurative) oppressiveness, difficulty, trouble

Declension

Declension of घाम (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	घाम ghām	घाम ghām
oblique	घाम ghām	घामों ghāmõ
vocative	घाम ghām	घामो ghāmo

Declension of घाम (fem cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	घाम ghām	घामें ghāmẽ
oblique	घाम ghām	घामों ghāmõ
vocative	घाम ghām	घामो ghāmo

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “घाम”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ghāma”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• “घाम”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.

Konkani

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás

Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá)

Prakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma)

Konkani घाम

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma), from Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- + *-mós.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡʱɑːm]

Noun

घाम • (ghām) (Latin script gham, Kannada script ಘಾಮ್)

1. sweat

   Synonym: हूम (hūm)

Derived terms

• घामाचें (ghāmācẽ)
• घामेल्ली (ghāmellī)
• घामेवप (ghāmevap)
• घामोळें (ghāmoḷẽ)

References

• Pushpak Bhattacharyya (2017), IndoWordNet‎^[1]

Marathi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás

Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá)

Prakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma)

Marathi घाम

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma), from Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- + *-mós.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡʱam/

Noun

घाम • (ghām) m

1. sweat, perspiration

Declension

Declension of घाम (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	घाम ghām
direct plural	घाम ghām
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	घाम ghām		घाम ghām
oblique सामान्यरूप	घामा ghāmā		घामां- ghāmān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	घामाला ghāmālā		घामांना ghāmānnā
ergative	घामाने, घामानं ghāmāne, ghāmāna		घामांनी ghāmānnī
instrumental	घामाशी ghāmāśī		घामांशी ghāmānśī
locative सप्तमी	घामात ghāmāt		घामांत ghāmāt
vocative संबोधन	घामा ghāmā		घामांनो ghāmānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of घाम (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	घामाचा ghāmāċā	घामाचे ghāmāċe	घामाची ghāmācī	घामाच्या ghāmācā	घामाचे, घामाचं ghāmāċe, ghāmāċa	घामाची ghāmācī	घामाच्या ghāmācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	घामांचा ghāmānċā	घामांचे ghāmānċe	घामांची ghāmāñcī	घामांच्या ghāmāncā	घामांचे, घामांचं ghāmānċe, ghāmānċa	घामांची ghāmāñcī	घामांच्या ghāmāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• घामट (ghāmaṭ, “sweaty”)
• घामाघूम (ghāmāghūm, “drenched in sweat”)
• घामावणे (ghāmāvṇe, “to sweat”)
• घामोळे (ghāmoḷe, “heat rash”)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “घाम”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “घाम”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950), “घाम”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “gharmá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Nepali

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás

Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá)

Prakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma)

Nepali घाम

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma), from Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- + *-mós.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡʱä̤m]
• Phonetic Devanagari: घाम्

Noun

घाम • (ghām)

1. sunlight, sunbeam
2. (astronomy) sun
3. heat (from the sun)