छाया

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit छाया (chāyā́).

Noun

छाया • (chāyā) f (Urdu spelling چھایا)

1. shade, a shady place

   तुम्हें छाया में बैठना चाहिए, क्योंकि बहुत गर्मी है।

   tumhẽ chāyā mẽ baiṭhnā cāhie, kyõki bahut garmī hai.

   You should sit in the shade, because it is very hot.

   Synonym: छाँव (chā̃v)

2. shadow, silhouette

   पृथ्वी की छाया चन्द्रमा पर है।

   pŕthvī kī chāyā candramā par hai.

   The earth's shadow is on the moon.

   Synonym: परछाई (parchāī)

3. (rare) apparition, spectre
4. (rare) refuge, protection, shelter

Synonyms

• साया (sāyā)

References

• Platts, John T. (1884) “छाया”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “छाया”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

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Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• chāyā (Latin script)
• 𑀙𑀸𑀬𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• ছাযা (Bengali script)
• ඡායා (Sinhalese script)
• ဆာယာ or ꧡႃယႃ (Burmese script)
• ฉายา (Thai script)
• ᨨᩣᨿᩣ (Tai Tham script)
• ຉາຍາ or ຉາຢາ (Lao script)
• ឆាយា (Khmer script)
• 𑄍𑄂𑄠𑄂 (Chakma script)

Etymology

From Sanskrit छाया (chāyā́).

Noun

छाया f

1. Devanagari script form of chāyā

Declension

Declension table of "छाया" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	छाया (chāyā)	छायायो (chāyāyo) or छाया (chāyā)
Accusative (second)	छायं (chāyaṃ)	छायायो (chāyāyo) or छाया (chāyā)
Instrumental (third)	छायाय (chāyāya)	छायाहि (chāyāhi) or छायाभि (chāyābhi)
Dative (fourth)	छायाय (chāyāya)	छायानं (chāyānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	छायाय (chāyāya)	छायाहि (chāyāhi) or छायाभि (chāyābhi)
Genitive (sixth)	छायाय (chāyāya)	छायानं (chāyānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	छायाय (chāyāya) or छायायं (chāyāyaṃ)	छायासु (chāyāsu)
Vocative (calling)	छाये (chāye)	छायायो (chāyāyo) or छाया (chāyā)

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Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śćaHyáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *śćaHyáH.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕʰɑː.jɑ́ː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ɕʰɑː.jɑː/

Noun

छाया • (chāyā́) stem, f

1. shadow; shade; shady place
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.16.38:

     उप च्छायामिव घृणेरगन्म शर्म ते वयम् ।

     upa cchāyāmiva ghṛṇeraganma śarma te vayam.

     To thee for shelter are we come, as to the shade from fervent heat

2. reflection
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
3. shading or blending of colours; play of light or colour

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of छाया (chāyā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	छाया chāyā́	छाये chāyé	छायाः chāyā́ḥ
Vocative	छाये chā́ye	छाये chā́ye	छायाः chā́yāḥ
Accusative	छायाम् chāyā́m	छाये chāyé	छायाः chāyā́ḥ
Instrumental	छायया / छाया¹ chāyáyā / chāyā́¹	छायाभ्याम् chāyā́bhyām	छायाभिः chāyā́bhiḥ
Dative	छायायै chāyā́yai	छायाभ्याम् chāyā́bhyām	छायाभ्यः chāyā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	छायायाः / छायायै² chāyā́yāḥ / chāyā́yai²	छायाभ्याम् chāyā́bhyām	छायाभ्यः chāyā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	छायायाः / छायायै² chāyā́yāḥ / chāyā́yai²	छाययोः chāyáyoḥ	छायानाम् chāyā́nām
Locative	छायायाम् chāyā́yām	छाययोः chāyáyoḥ	छायासु chāyā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Borrowed terms

• → Bengali: ছায়া (chaẏa)
• → Hindi: छाया (chāyā)
• → Khmer: ឆាយា (chaayiə)
• → Telugu: ఛాయ (chāya)
• → Thai: ฉายา (chǎa-yaa)
• → Urdu: چھایا (chāyā)

Descendants

• • Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (ċhāilat)
  • Kalasha: [script needed] (čhak)
  • Kashmiri: [script needed] (ċhāy)
  • Khowar: [script needed] (čhag)
  • Phalura: [script needed] (čhay)
  • Shina: [script needed] (čhāi), [script needed] (čhaš)
  • Tirahi: [script needed] (ċāya)
  • Torwali: [script needed] (čoǰol)
  • Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (sāil)
• • Sinhalese: සෙය (seya)
• ,
  • Assamese: ছাঁ (sã)
  • Bengali: ছাইড়া (chaiṛa)
  • Bihari
    • Bhojpuri: छाँह (chā̃h)
    • Maithili: छाँह (chā̃h), छाहरि (chāhari)
  • Odia: ଛାଇ (chai)
• , ,
  • Konkani: साव्ळी (sāvḷī)
  • Old Marathi: साउली (sāulī)
    • Marathi: सावली (sāvlī)
• Pali: chāyā
• ,
  • Garhwali: छेलु (chelu)
  • Gujarati: છાંયડી (chā̃yaḍī)
  • Hindustani:

    Hindi: छाँव (chā̃v), छाईं (chāī̃)

    Urdu: چھانو (chā̃v)

  • Kumaoni: छोयो (choyo), छइल (chaila)
  • , छाहारि (chāhāri)
  • Punjabi: ਛਾਂ (chā̃), ਛਾ (chā)
  • Sindhi: छाँ (chā̃), छांवा (chā̃vā)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “छाया”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 406/1.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “chāyāˊ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press