रथ

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit रथ (rátha), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrátʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret- (“to roll”).

Noun

रथ • (rath) m

1. a chariot

   रथ यात्रा ― rath yātrā ― Rath Yatra

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Old Gujarati

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit रथ (ratha)

Noun

रथ • (ratha) m

1. chariot
   • 1422, unknown, कालिकसूरिकथा :

     पुंतार पुंतारि स्यउं असवार असवारि स्यउं रथ रथि स्यउं पायक पायकि स्यउं युद्ध नीपजावइ।

     puṃtāra puṃtāri syaüṃ asavāra asavāri syaüṃ ratha rathi syaüṃ pāyaka pāyaki syaüṃ yuddha nīpajāvaï.

     Mahout with mahout, rider with rider, chariot with chariot, foot soldier with foot soldier, there was war.

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Pali

Noun

रथ m

1. Devanagari script form of ratha

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Sanskrit

FWOTD – 7 July 2018

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• ৰথ (Assamese script)
• ᬭᬣ (Balinese script)
• রথ (Bengali script)
• 𑰨𑰞 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀭𑀣 (Brahmi script)
• ရထ (Burmese script)
• રથ (Gujarati script)
• ਰਥ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌰𑌥 (Grantha script)
• ꦫꦡ (Javanese script)
• 𑂩𑂟 (Kaithi script)
• ರಥ (Kannada script)
• រថ (Khmer script)
• ຣຖ (Lao script)
• രഥ (Malayalam script)
• ᡵᠠᡨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘨𑘞 (Modi script)
• ᠷᠠᠲᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧈𑦾 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐬𑐠 (Newa script)
• ରଥ (Odia script)
• ꢬꢢ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆫𑆡 (Sharada script)
• 𑖨𑖞 (Siddham script)
• රථ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩼𑩬 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚤𑚚 (Takri script)
• ரத² (Tamil script)
• రథ (Telugu script)
• รถ (Thai script)
• ར་ཐ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒩𑒟 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨫𑨚 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

(deprecated template usage) From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrátʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrátʰas (“chariot, car”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrót-h₂-os, from *Hret- (“to roll”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬀 (raθa, “chariot, car”), Latin rota, Old Irish roth, Old High German rad, Lithuanian ratas.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾɐ́.tʰɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɾɐ.t̪ʰɐ/

Noun

रथ • (rátha) stem, m

1. chariot, car, especially a two-wheeled war-chariot (lighter and swifter than the अनस् (anas)), any vehicle or equipage or carriage (applied also to the vehicles of the gods), waggon, cart
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.20.12:

     स्थिरा धन्वान्यायुधा रथेषु वोऽनीकेष्वधि श्रियः ॥

     sthirā dhanvānyāyudhā ratheṣu voʼnīkeṣvadhi śriyaḥ.

     Strong are your bows and strong the weapons in your cars, and glory sits on every face.

2. warrior, hero, champion

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of रथ (rátha)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रथः ráthaḥ	रथौ / रथा¹ ráthau / ráthā¹	रथाः / रथासः¹ ráthāḥ / ráthāsaḥ¹
Vocative	रथ rátha	रथौ / रथा¹ ráthau / ráthā¹	रथाः / रथासः¹ ráthāḥ / ráthāsaḥ¹
Accusative	रथम् rátham	रथौ / रथा¹ ráthau / ráthā¹	रथान् ráthān
Instrumental	रथेन ráthena	रथाभ्याम् ráthābhyām	रथैः / रथेभिः¹ ráthaiḥ / ráthebhiḥ¹
Dative	रथाय ráthāya	रथाभ्याम् ráthābhyām	रथेभ्यः ráthebhyaḥ
Ablative	रथात् ráthāt	रथाभ्याम् ráthābhyām	रथेभ्यः ráthebhyaḥ
Genitive	रथस्य ráthasya	रथयोः ráthayoḥ	रथानाम् ráthānām
Locative	रथे ráthe	रथयोः ráthayoḥ	रथेषु rátheṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Burmese: ရထား (ra.hta:)
• Kannada: ರಥ (ratha)
• Khmer: រថ (rŭət)
• Lao: ລົດ (lot), ຣົຖ (rot)
• Telugu: రథము (rathamu)
• Thai: รถ (rót)

Derived terms

• दशरथ (daśaratha)
• रथसप्तमी (rathasaptamī)
• रथोत्सव (rathotsava)

Etymology 2

From verbal root रमते (√ram, “to delight, be glad, rejoice etc.”).

Noun

रथ • (ratha) stem, m

1. pleasure, joy, delight (compare मनोरथ (mano-ratha))
2. affection, love

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of रथ
Nom. sg.	रथः (rathaḥ)
Gen. sg.	रथस्य (rathasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रथः (rathaḥ)	रथौ (rathau)	रथाः (rathāḥ)
Vocative	रथ (ratha)	रथौ (rathau)	रथाः (rathāḥ)
Accusative	रथम् (ratham)	रथौ (rathau)	रथान् (rathān)
Instrumental	रथेन (rathena)	रथाभ्याम् (rathābhyām)	रथैः (rathaiḥ)
Dative	रथाय (rathāya)	रथाभ्याम् (rathābhyām)	रथेभ्यः (rathebhyaḥ)
Ablative	रथात् (rathāt)	रथाभ्याम् (rathābhyām)	रथेभ्यः (rathebhyaḥ)
Genitive	रथस्य (rathasya)	रथयोः (rathayoḥ)	रथानाम् (rathānām)
Locative	रथे (rathe)	रथयोः (rathayoḥ)	रथेषु (ratheṣu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “रथ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0865.