रथ

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit रथ (ratha)

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɾət̪ʰ/, [ɾɐt̪ʰ]

Noun

रथ • (rath) m

1. a chariot

   रथ यात्रा ― rath yātrā ― Rath Yatra

Declension

Declension of रथ (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	रथ rath	रथ rath
oblique	रथ rath	रथों rathõ
vocative	रथ rath	रथो ratho

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit रथ (ratha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾət̪ʰ/

Noun

रथ • (rath) m

1. chariot

Declension

Declension of रथ (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	रथ rath
direct plural	रथ rath
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	रथ rath		रथ rath
oblique सामान्यरूप	रथा rathā		रथां- rathān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	रथाला rathālā		रथांना rathānnā
ergative	रथाने, रथानं rathāne, rathāna		रथांनी rathānnī
instrumental	रथाशी rathāśī		रथांशी rathānśī
locative सप्तमी	रथात rathāt		रथांत rathāt
vocative संबोधन	रथा rathā		रथांनो rathānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of रथ (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	रथाचा rathāċā	रथाचे rathāċe	रथाची rathācī	रथाच्या rathācā	रथाचे, रथाचं rathāċe, rathāċa	रथाची rathācī	रथाच्या rathācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	रथांचा rathānċā	रथांचे rathānċe	रथांची rathāñcī	रथांच्या rathāncā	रथांचे, रथांचं rathānċe, rathānċa	रथांची rathāñcī	रथांच्या rathāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Berntsen, Maxine, “रथ”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “रथ”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “रथ”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

Old Gujarati

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit रथ (ratha).

Noun

रथ • (ratha) m

1. chariot
   • 1422, unknown, कालिकसूरिकथा :

     पुंतार पुंतारि स्यउं असवार असवारि स्यउं रथ रथि स्यउं पायक पायकि स्यउं युद्ध नीपजावइ।

     puṃtāra puṃtāri syaüṃ asavāra asavāri syaüṃ ratha rathi syaüṃ pāyaka pāyaki syaüṃ yuddha nīpajāvaï.

     Mahout with mahout, rider with rider, chariot with chariot, foot soldier with foot soldier, there was war.

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• ratha (Latin script)
• 𑀭𑀣 (Brahmi script)
• রথ (Bengali script)
• රථ (Sinhalese script)
• ရထ (Burmese script)
• รถ or ระถะ (Thai script)
• ᩁᨳ (Tai Tham script)
• ຣຖ or ຣະຖະ (Lao script)
• រថ (Khmer script)
• 𑄢𑄗 (Chakma script)

Noun

रथ m

1. Devanagari script form of ratha (“chariot; delight”)

Declension

Declension table of "रथ" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	रथो (ratho)	रथा (rathā)
Accusative (second)	रथं (rathaṃ)	रथे (rathe)
Instrumental (third)	रथेन (rathena)	रथेहि (rathehi) or रथेभि (rathebhi)
Dative (fourth)	रथस्स (rathassa) or रथाय (rathāya) or रथत्थं (rathatthaṃ)	रथानं (rathānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	रथस्मा (rathasmā) or रथम्हा (rathamhā) or रथा (rathā)	रथेहि (rathehi) or रथेभि (rathebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	रथस्स (rathassa)	रथानं (rathānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	रथस्मिं (rathasmiṃ) or रथम्हि (rathamhi) or रथे (rathe)	रथेसु (rathesu)
Vocative (calling)	रथ (ratha)	रथा (rathā)

Sanskrit

FWOTD – 7 July 2018

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৰথ (Assamese script)
• ᬭᬣ (Balinese script)
• রথ (Bengali script)
• 𑰨𑰞 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀭𑀣 (Brahmi script)
• ရထ (Burmese script)
• રથ (Gujarati script)
• ਰਥ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌰𑌥 (Grantha script)
• ꦫꦡ (Javanese script)
• 𑂩𑂟 (Kaithi script)
• ರಥ (Kannada script)
• រថ (Khmer script)
• ຣຖ (Lao script)
• രഥ (Malayalam script)
• ᡵᠠᡨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘨𑘞 (Modi script)
• ᠷᠠᠲᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧈𑦾 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐬𑐠 (Newa script)
• ରଥ (Odia script)
• ꢬꢢ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆫𑆡 (Sharada script)
• 𑖨𑖞 (Siddham script)
• රථ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩼𑩬 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚤𑚚 (Takri script)
• ரத² (Tamil script)
• రథ (Telugu script)
• รถ (Thai script)
• ར་ཐ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒩𑒟 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨫𑨚 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

From, Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrátʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrátʰas (“chariot, car”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂-os, from *Hreth₂- (“to roll”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬀 (raθa, “chariot, car”), Latin rota, Old Irish roth, Old High German rad, Lithuanian ratas.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾɐ́.tʰɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɾɐ.t̪ʰɐ/

Noun

रथ • (rátha) stem, m

1. chariot, car, especially a two-wheeled war-chariot (lighter and swifter than the अनस् (anas)), any vehicle or equipage or carriage (applied also to the vehicles of the gods), waggon, cart
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.20.12:

     त उ॒ग्रासो॒ वृष॑ण उ॒ग्रबा॑हवो॒ नकि॑ष्ट॒नूषु॑ येतिरे।
     स्थि॒रा धन्वा॒न्यायु॑धा॒ रथे॑षु॒ वोऽनी॑के॒ष्वधि॒ श्रिय॑:॥

     tá ugrā́so vṛ́ṣaṇa ugrábāhavo nákiṣṭanū́ṣu yetire.
     sthirā́ dhánvānyā́yudhā rátheṣu vóʼnīkeṣvádhi śríya:.

     Fierce, vigorous, strong-armed, they need not exert (the energy of their) people; bows and arrows are ready in your chariots; the glory (of conquest) over (hostile) armies is yours.

2. warrior, hero, champion

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of रथ (rátha)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रथः ráthaḥ	रथौ / रथा¹ ráthau / ráthā¹	रथाः / रथासः¹ ráthāḥ / ráthāsaḥ¹
Vocative	रथ rátha	रथौ / रथा¹ ráthau / ráthā¹	रथाः / रथासः¹ ráthāḥ / ráthāsaḥ¹
Accusative	रथम् rátham	रथौ / रथा¹ ráthau / ráthā¹	रथान् ráthān
Instrumental	रथेन ráthena	रथाभ्याम् ráthābhyām	रथैः / रथेभिः¹ ráthaiḥ / ráthebhiḥ¹
Dative	रथाय ráthāya	रथाभ्याम् ráthābhyām	रथेभ्यः ráthebhyaḥ
Ablative	रथात् ráthāt	रथाभ्याम् ráthābhyām	रथेभ्यः ráthebhyaḥ
Genitive	रथस्य ráthasya	रथयोः ráthayoḥ	रथानाम् ráthānām
Locative	रथे ráthe	रथयोः ráthayoḥ	रथेषु rátheṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• दशरथ (daśaratha)
• रथसप्तमी (rathasaptamī)
• रथोत्सव (rathotsava)

Descendants

• → Assamese: ৰথ (roth)
• → Bengali: রথ (roth)
• → Burmese: ရထား (ra.hta:)
• → Gujarati: રથ (rath)
• → Kannada: ರಥ (ratha)
• → Khmer: រថ (rŭət)
• → Lao: ລົດ (lot), ຣົຖ (rot)
• Pali: ratha
• Prakrit: 𑀭𑀳 (raha)
  • Old Gujarati: रह (raha)
• ⇒ Hindustani: rẽṛhū

  Hindi: रेंढ़ू

  Urdu: رینڑهو

• → Old Javanese: ratha
  • Javanese: ꦫꦠ (rata)
  • → Balinese: ᬭᬣ (rata)
• → Kannada: ರಥ (ratha)
• → Malayalam: രഥം (rathaṁ)
• → Marathi: रथ (rath)
• → Sinhalese: රථ (ratha), රථය (rathaya)
• → Tamil: இரதம் (iratam)
• → Telugu: రథము (rathamu)
• → Thai: รถ (rót)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “रथ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 865, column 2.

Etymology 2

From the root रम् (ram, “to rejoice”).

Noun

रथ • (ratha) stem, m

1. pleasure, joy, delight (compare मनोरथ (manoratha))
2. affection, love

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of रथ (ratha)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रथः rathaḥ	रथौ rathau	रथाः rathāḥ
Vocative	रथ ratha	रथौ rathau	रथाः rathāḥ
Accusative	रथम् ratham	रथौ rathau	रथान् rathān
Instrumental	रथेन rathena	रथाभ्याम् rathābhyām	रथैः rathaiḥ
Dative	रथाय rathāya	रथाभ्याम् rathābhyām	रथेभ्यः rathebhyaḥ
Ablative	रथात् rathāt	रथाभ्याम् rathābhyām	रथेभ्यः rathebhyaḥ
Genitive	रथस्य rathasya	रथयोः rathayoḥ	रथानाम् rathānām
Locative	रथे rathe	रथयोः rathayoḥ	रथेषु ratheṣu

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “रथ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 866, column 2.