वृद्ध

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृद्ध (vṛddhá). Doublet of बूढ़ा (būṛhā) and बुड्ढा (buḍḍhā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʋɾɪd̪d̪ʱ/, [ʋɾɪd̪(ː)ʱ]

Adjective

वृद्ध • (vŕddh) (indeclinable)

1. old, elderly

   Synonyms: बुड्ढा (buḍḍhā), बूढ़ा (būṛhā)

Noun

वृद्ध • (vŕddh) m (female equivalent वृद्धा)

1. an elderly man, elder

   Synonym: बुज़ुर्ग (buzurg)

Declension

Declension of वृद्ध (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	वृद्ध vŕddh	वृद्ध vŕddh
oblique	वृद्ध vŕddh	वृद्धों vŕddhõ
vocative	वृद्ध vŕddh	वृद्धो vŕddho

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “वृद्ध”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱৃদ্ধ (Assamese script)
• ᬯᬺᬤ᭄ᬥ (Balinese script)
• বৃদ্ধ (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰴𑰟𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀾𑀤𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
• ဝၖဒ္ဓ (Burmese script)
• વૃદ્ધ (Gujarati script)
• ਵ੍ਰਦ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑍃𑌦𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦽꦢ꧀ꦣ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑃂𑂠𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
• ವೃದ್ಧ (Kannada script)
• វ្ឫទ្ធ (Khmer script)
• ວ຺ຣິທ຺ຘ (Lao script)
• വൃദ്ധ (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᡵᡳᡩᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘵𑘟𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠷᠢᢑᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧖𑦿𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐺𑐡𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
• ଵୃଦ୍ଧ (Odia script)
• ꢮꢺꢣ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆸𑆢𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖴𑖟𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
• වෘද‍්ධ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾𑩙𑩭 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚛𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
• வ்ரித்³த⁴ (Tamil script)
• వృద్ధ (Telugu script)
• วฺฤทฺธ (Thai script)
• ཝྲྀ་དྡྷ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒵𑒠𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨛𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *werdʰ-

Proto-Indo-European *-tós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥dᶻdʰás

Sanskrit वृद्ध

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥dᶻdʰás (“grown, mature, big”), from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰ-tó-s, from *werdʰ- (“to grow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬛𐬀 (vər^əzda, “mature, big”). By surface analysis, वृध् (vṛdh, “to grow”, root) +‎ -त (-tá).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋr̩d.dʱɐ́/, [ʋr̩d̚.dʱɐ́]
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋr̩d̪.d̪ʱɐ/, [ʋr̩d̪̚.d̪ʱɐ]

Adjective

वृद्ध • (vṛddhá) stem

1. grown, become larger or stronger; increased, augmented, great, large
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.44.3:

     येन॑ वृ॒द्धो न शव॑सा तु॒रो न स्वाभि॑रू॒तिभिः॑ ।
     सोम॑: सु॒तः स इ॑न्द्र॒ तेऽस्ति॑ स्वधापते॒ मद॑: ॥

     yéna vṛddhó ná śávasā turó ná svā́bhirūtíbhiḥ.
     sóma: sutáḥ sá indra téʼsti svadhāpate máda:.

     Wherewith thou art increased in strength, and conquerest with thy proper aids,
     That Soma is pressed: thy gladdening draught, O Indra! Lord of the libation!

2. grown up, fully grown, adult
3. aged, old, senior

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of वृद्ध

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	वृद्धः (vṛddháḥ)	वृद्धौ (vṛddháu) वृद्धा¹ (vṛddhā́¹)	वृद्धाः (vṛddhā́ḥ) वृद्धासः¹ (vṛddhā́saḥ¹)
accusative	वृद्धम् (vṛddhám)	वृद्धौ (vṛddháu) वृद्धा¹ (vṛddhā́¹)	वृद्धान् (vṛddhā́n)
instrumental	वृद्धेन (vṛddhéna)	वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhā́bhyām)	वृद्धैः (vṛddháiḥ) वृद्धेभिः¹ (vṛddhébhiḥ¹)
dative	वृद्धाय (vṛddhā́ya)	वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhā́bhyām)	वृद्धेभ्यः (vṛddhébhyaḥ)
ablative	वृद्धात् (vṛddhā́t)	वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhā́bhyām)	वृद्धेभ्यः (vṛddhébhyaḥ)
genitive	वृद्धस्य (vṛddhásya)	वृद्धयोः (vṛddháyoḥ)	वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhā́nām)
locative	वृद्धे (vṛddhé)	वृद्धयोः (vṛddháyoḥ)	वृद्धेषु (vṛddhéṣu)
vocative	वृद्ध (vṛ́ddha)	वृद्धौ (vṛ́ddhau) वृद्धा¹ (vṛ́ddhā¹)	वृद्धाः (vṛ́ddhāḥ) वृद्धासः¹ (vṛ́ddhāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of वृद्धा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	वृद्धा (vṛddhā́)	वृद्धे (vṛddhé)	वृद्धाः (vṛddhā́ḥ)
accusative	वृद्धाम् (vṛddhā́m)	वृद्धे (vṛddhé)	वृद्धाः (vṛddhā́ḥ)
instrumental	वृद्धया (vṛddháyā) वृद्धा¹ (vṛddhā́¹)	वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhā́bhyām)	वृद्धाभिः (vṛddhā́bhiḥ)
dative	वृद्धायै (vṛddhā́yai)	वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhā́bhyām)	वृद्धाभ्यः (vṛddhā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	वृद्धायाः (vṛddhā́yāḥ) वृद्धायै² (vṛddhā́yai²)	वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhā́bhyām)	वृद्धाभ्यः (vṛddhā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	वृद्धायाः (vṛddhā́yāḥ) वृद्धायै² (vṛddhā́yai²)	वृद्धयोः (vṛddháyoḥ)	वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhā́nām)
locative	वृद्धायाम् (vṛddhā́yām)	वृद्धयोः (vṛddháyoḥ)	वृद्धासु (vṛddhā́su)
vocative	वृद्धे (vṛ́ddhe)	वृद्धे (vṛ́ddhe)	वृद्धाः (vṛ́ddhāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of वृद्ध

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	वृद्धम् (vṛddhám)	वृद्धे (vṛddhé)	वृद्धानि (vṛddhā́ni) वृद्धा¹ (vṛddhā́¹)
accusative	वृद्धम् (vṛddhám)	वृद्धे (vṛddhé)	वृद्धानि (vṛddhā́ni) वृद्धा¹ (vṛddhā́¹)
instrumental	वृद्धेन (vṛddhéna)	वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhā́bhyām)	वृद्धैः (vṛddháiḥ) वृद्धेभिः¹ (vṛddhébhiḥ¹)
dative	वृद्धाय (vṛddhā́ya)	वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhā́bhyām)	वृद्धेभ्यः (vṛddhébhyaḥ)
ablative	वृद्धात् (vṛddhā́t)	वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhā́bhyām)	वृद्धेभ्यः (vṛddhébhyaḥ)
genitive	वृद्धस्य (vṛddhásya)	वृद्धयोः (vṛddháyoḥ)	वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhā́nām)
locative	वृद्धे (vṛddhé)	वृद्धयोः (vṛddháyoḥ)	वृद्धेषु (vṛddhéṣu)
vocative	वृद्ध (vṛ́ddha)	वृद्धे (vṛ́ddhe)	वृद्धानि (vṛ́ddhāni) वृद्धा¹ (vṛ́ddhā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀼𑀥 (vudha) (see there for further descendants)
• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀼𑀠 (vuḍha) (see there for further descendants)
• Ashokan Prakrit: 𐨬𐨢𐨿𐨪 (vadhra)
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀯𑀤𑁆𑀥 (vaddha)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀤𑁆𑀥 (vaddha)
  • Paisaci Prakrit:
    • Punjabi: ਵੱਧ (vaddha, “excessive, more”)
    • Sindhi: उधणु (udhaṇu, “to grow”)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀤𑁆𑀥 (vaddha),
• Dardic:
  • Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (buḍa, “grandfather”), [script needed] (buḍi, “grandmother”)
  • Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (buḍa, “old man”), [script needed] (buḍī, “old woman”)
  • Kashmiri: بُڈٕ (buḍụ)
  • Phalura: بُوڈوُ (buuḍóo)
  • Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (buḍai), [script needed] (buṛālék, “old woman”)
  • Shumashti: [script needed] (buṛāla)
  • Torwali: [script needed] (batkumā, “maid”)
• Helu Prakrit:
  • Sinhalese: විදු (widu, “old man”)
• Pali: vaddha, vuddha, vuḍḍha

Borrowed terms

• → Balinese: wreda
• → Hindi: वृद्ध (vŕddh)
• → Kannada: ವೃದ್ಧ (vṛddha)
• → Malay: berida
  • Indonesian: berida
• → Malayalam: വൃദ്ധൻ (vr̥ddhaṉ)
• → Old Javanese:
  • Javanese: wreda/wredha
    • → Indonesian: wreda

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “वृद्ध”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1010, columns 2-3.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “vr̥ddhá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “*buḍḍha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press