शब्द

See also: शब्दो and शब्दों

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शब्द (śabda). Doublet of साद (sād).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʃəbd̪/

Noun

शब्द • (śabd) m (Urdu spelling شبد‎)

1. word, term

   इस शब्द का हिन्दी में काफ़ी प्रयोग होता है।

   is śabd kā hindī mẽ kāfī prayog hotā hai.

   This word is used a lot in Hindi.

   Synonyms: बोल (bol), लफ़्ज़ (lafz)

2. sound

   झरनों का धीमा शब्द जंगल में गूँजता।

   jharnõ kā dhīmā śabd jaṅgal mẽ gūñjtā.

   The soft sound of springs echoes through the forest.

   Synonym: ध्वनि (dhvani)

Declension

Declension of शब्द (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शब्द śabd	शब्द śabd
oblique	शब्द śabd	शब्दों śabdõ
vocative	शब्द śabd	शब्दो śabdo

Derived terms

• शब्दकोश (śabdakoś)
• शब्दावली (śabdāvlī)
• शब्दार्थ (śabdārth)
• शब्दकार (śabdakār)
• शब्दवीर (śabdavīr)
• शब्दहीन (śabdahīn)
  • शब्दहीनता (śabdahīntā)
• शब्दानुवाद (śabdānuvād)

Related terms

• शाब्दिक (śābdik)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “शब्द”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शब्द (śabda).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɕəb.d̪ə/

Noun

शब्द • (śabda) m

1. word

Declension

Declension of शब्द (śabda)
direct singular	शब्द śabda
direct plural	शब्द śabda
	singular		plural
nominative	शब्द śabda		शब्द śabda
oblique	शब्दा- śabdā-		शब्दां- śabdāN-
dative	शब्दाला śabdālā		शब्दांना śabdāNnā
ergative	शब्दाने śabdāne		शब्दांनी śabdāNni
instrumental	शब्दाशी śabdāśi		शब्दांशी śabdāNśi
locative	शब्दात śabdāt		शब्दांत śabdāNt
vocative	शब्दा śabdā		शब्दांनो śabdāNno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Dative Note: -स (-sa) is archaic. -ते (-te) is limited to literary usage. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of शब्द
	masculine object		feminine object		neuter object		oblique
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular*	plural
singular subject	शब्दाचा śabdāċā	शब्दाचे śabdāce	शब्दाची śabdāci	शब्दाच्या śabdāca	शब्दाचे, शब्दाचं śabdāce, śabdāċa	शब्दाची śabdāci	शब्दाच्या śabdāca
plural subject	शब्दांचा śabdāNċā	शब्दांचे śabdāNce	शब्दांची śabdāNci	शब्दांच्या śabdāNca	शब्दांचे, शब्दांचं śabdāNce, śabdāNċa	शब्दांची śabdāNci	शब्दांच्या śabdāNca
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• शब्दकोडे (śabdakoḍe, “word puzzle”)
• शब्दकोश (śabdakoś, “dictionary”)
• शब्दफेक (śabdaphek)
• शब्दसंग्रह (śabdasaṅgrah, “vocabulary”)
• शब्दसंपत्ती (śabdasampattī, “vocabulary”)
• शाब्दिक (śābdik, “verbal”)

 

References

• Berntsen, Maxine, “शब्द”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “शब्द”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911), “शब्द”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ᬰᬩ᭄ᬤ (Balinese script)
• শব্দ (Assamese script)
• শব্দ (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰤𑰿𑰟 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀩𑁆𑀤 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌶𑌬𑍍𑌦 (Grantha script)
• શબ્દ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਬੑਦ (Gurmukhi script)
• ꦯꦧ꧀ꦢ (Javanese script)
• ឝព្ទ (Khmer script)
• ಶಬ್ದ (Kannada script)
• ຨພ຺ທ (Lao script)
• ശബ്ദ (Malayalam script)
• 𑘫𑘤𑘿𑘟 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᠪᢑᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• ᡧᠠᠪᡩᠠ (Manchu script)
• ၐဗ္ဒ (Burmese script)
• 𑧋𑧄𑧠𑦿 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐧𑑂𑐡 (Newa script)
• ଶବ୍ଦ (Oriya script)
• ꢯꢨ꣄ꢣ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆧𑇀𑆢 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖤𑖿𑖟 (Siddham script)
• ශබ්ද (Sinhalese script)
• శబ్ద (Telugu script)
• ศพฺท (Thai script)
• ཤ་བྡ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒥𑓂𑒠 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From the root शप् (śap, “to curse; swear”) +‎ -द (-da).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ́b.dɐ/, [ɕɐ́b̚.dɐ]
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɐb.d̪ɐ/, [ˈɕɐb̚.d̪ɐ]

Noun

शब्द • (śábda) m

1. sound, noise, voice, tone, note
2. a word

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शब्द (śábda)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शब्दः śábdaḥ	शब्दौ śábdau	शब्दाः / शब्दासः¹ śábdāḥ / śábdāsaḥ¹
Vocative	शब्द śábda	शब्दौ śábdau	शब्दाः / शब्दासः¹ śábdāḥ / śábdāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शब्दम् śábdam	शब्दौ śábdau	शब्दान् śábdān
Instrumental	शब्देन śábdena	शब्दाभ्याम् śábdābhyām	शब्दैः / शब्देभिः¹ śábdaiḥ / śábdebhiḥ¹
Dative	शब्दाय śábdāya	शब्दाभ्याम् śábdābhyām	शब्देभ्यः śábdebhyaḥ
Ablative	शब्दात् śábdāt	शब्दाभ्याम् śábdābhyām	शब्देभ्यः śábdebhyaḥ
Genitive	शब्दस्य śábdasya	शब्दयोः śábdayoḥ	शब्दानाम् śábdānām
Locative	शब्दे śábde	शब्दयोः śábdayoḥ	शब्देषु śábdeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• शब्दकोश (śabdakośa)

Descendants

• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀤𑁆𑀤 (sadda)
  • Marathi: साद (sād)
  • Konkani: साद (sād)
• Pali: sadda
  • → Burmese: သဒ္ဒါ (sadda)
  • → Kannada: ಸದ್ದು (saddu)
  • → Khmer: សទ្ទ (sattĕəʼ)
  • → Thai: สัท- (sàt-)
    • ⇒ Thai: สัทอักษร (sàt-tá-àk-sɔ̌ɔn)
    • ⇒ Thai: สัทศาสตร์ (sàt-tá-sàat)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀤𑁆𑀤 (sadda)
  • Gujarati: સાદ (sād)
  • Hindi: साद (sād)
  • Punjabi: ਸੱਦ (sadda)
• → Assamese: শব্দ (xobdo)
• → Bengali: শব্দ (śobdo)
• → Early Assamese: শবদ (śobodo)
  • → Bodo (India): सोदोब (swdwb)
• → Gujarati: શબ્દ (śabd)
• → Hindi: शब्द (śabd)
• → Kannada: ಶಬ್ದ (śabda)
• → Khmer: សព្ទ (sap)
• → Lao: ສັບ (sap)
• → Malay: sabda
  • Indonesian: sabda
• → Malayalam: ശബ്ദം (śabdaṃ)
• → Marathi: शब्द (śabda)
• → Old Javanese: śabda
  • Javanese: ꦱꦧ꧀ꦢ (sabda)
  • → Balinese: ᬰᬩ᭄ᬤ (sabda)
• → Punjabi: ਸ਼ਬਦ (śabad)
• → Sylheti: ꠡꠛ꠆ꠖꠧ (śobdo)
• → Tamil: சத்தம் (cattam)
• → Telugu: శబ్దము (śabdamu)
• → Thai: ศัพท์ (sàp)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “शब्द”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1052.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 296