शब्द

See also: शब्दो and शब्दों

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शब्द (śabda). Doublet of साद (sād).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʃəbd̪/

Noun

शब्द • (śabd) m (Urdu spelling شبد‎)

1. word, term

   इस शब्द का हिन्दी में काफ़ी प्रयोग होता है।

   is śabd kā hindī mẽ kāfī prayog hotā hai.

   This word is used a lot in Hindi.

   Synonyms: बोल (bol), लफ़्ज़ (lafz)

2. sound

   झरनों का धीमा शब्द जंगल में गूँजता।

   jharnõ kā dhīmā śabd jaṅgal mẽ gūñjtā.

   The soft sound of springs echoes through the forest.

   Synonym: ध्वनि (dhvani)

Declension

Declension of शब्द (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शब्द śabd	शब्द śabd
oblique	शब्द śabd	शब्दों śabdõ
vocative	शब्द śabd	शब्दो śabdo

Derived terms

• शब्दकोश (śabdakoś)
• शब्दावली (śabdāvlī)
• शब्दार्थ (śabdārth)
• शब्दकार (śabdakār)
• शब्दवीर (śabdavīr)
• शब्दहीन (śabdahīn)
  • शब्दहीनता (śabdahīntā)
• शब्दानुवाद (śabdānuvād)

Related terms

• शाब्दिक (śābdik)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “शब्द”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

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Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शब्द (śabda).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɕəb.d̪ə/

Noun

शब्द • (śabda) m

1. word
2. sound

References

• Berntsen, Maxine, “शब्द”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “शब्द”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911), “शब्द”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ᬰᬩ᭄ᬤ (Balinese script)
• শব্দ (Assamese script)
• শব্দ (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰤𑰿𑰟 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀩𑁆𑀤 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌶𑌬𑍍𑌦 (Grantha script)
• શબ્દ (Gujarati script)
• ꦯꦧ꧀ꦢ (Javanese script)
• ឝព្ទ (Khmer script)
• ಶಬ್ದ (Kannada script)
• ຨພ຺ທ (Lao script)
• 𑘫𑘤𑘿𑘟 (Modi script)
• ၐဗ္ဒ (Burmese script)
• 𑧋𑧄𑧠𑦿 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐧𑑂𑐡 (Newa script)
• ଶବ୍ଦ (Oriya script)
• ꢯꢨ꣄ꢣ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆧𑇀𑆢 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖤𑖿𑖟 (Siddham script)
• శబ్ద (Telugu script)
• ศพฺท (Thai script)
• ཤབྡ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒥𑓂𑒠 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From the root शप् (śap, “to curse; swear”) +‎ -द (-da).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ́b.dɐ/, [ɕɐ́b̚.dɐ]
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɐb.d̪ɐ/, [ˈɕɐb̚.d̪ɐ]

Noun

शब्द • (śábda) m

1. sound, noise, voice, tone, note
2. a word

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शब्द (śábda)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शब्दः śábdaḥ	शब्दौ śábdau	शब्दाः / शब्दासः¹ śábdāḥ / śábdāsaḥ¹
Vocative	शब्द śábda	शब्दौ śábdau	शब्दाः / शब्दासः¹ śábdāḥ / śábdāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शब्दम् śábdam	शब्दौ śábdau	शब्दान् śábdān
Instrumental	शब्देन śábdena	शब्दाभ्याम् śábdābhyām	शब्दैः / शब्देभिः¹ śábdaiḥ / śábdebhiḥ¹
Dative	शब्दाय śábdāya	शब्दाभ्याम् śábdābhyām	शब्देभ्यः śábdebhyaḥ
Ablative	शब्दात् śábdāt	शब्दाभ्याम् śábdābhyām	शब्देभ्यः śábdebhyaḥ
Genitive	शब्दस्य śábdasya	शब्दयोः śábdayoḥ	शब्दानाम् śábdānām
Locative	शब्दे śábde	शब्दयोः śábdayoḥ	शब्देषु śábdeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• शब्दकोश (śabdakośa)

Descendants

• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀤𑁆𑀤 (sadda)
  • Marathi: साद (sād)
  • Konkani: साद (sād)
• Pali: sadda
  • → Burmese: သဒ္ဒါ (sadda)
  • → Kannada: ಸದ್ದು (saddu)
  • → Khmer: សទ្ទ (sattĕəʼ)
  • → Thai: สัท- (sàt-)
    • ⇒ Thai: สัทอักษร (sàt-tá-àk-sɔ̌ɔn)
    • ⇒ Thai: สัทศาสตร์ (sàt-tá-sàat)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀤𑁆𑀤 (sadda)
  • Gujarati: સાદ (sād)
  • Hindi: साद (sād)
  • Punjabi: ਸੱਦ (sadda)
• → Assamese: শব্দ (xobdo)
• → Bengali: শব্দ (śôbd)
• → Early Assamese: শবদ (śobodo)
  • → Bodo (India): सोदोब (swdwb)
• → Gujarati: શબ્દ (śabd)
• → Hindi: शब्द (śabd)
• → Kannada: ಶಬ್ದ (śabda)
• → Khmer: សព្ទ (sap)
• → Lao: ສັບ (sap)
• → Malay: sabda
• → Malayalam: ശബ്ദം (śabdaṃ)
• → Marathi: शब्द (śabda)
• → Punjabi: ਸ਼ਬਦ (śabad)
• → Sylheti: ꠡꠛ꠆ꠖꠧ (śobdo)
• → Tamil: சத்தம் (cattam)
• → Telugu: శబ్దము (śabdamu)
• → Thai: ศัพท์ (sàp)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “शब्द”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1052.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 296