शाखा

See also: शंख and शिखा

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शाखा (śā́khā).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃɑː.kʰɑː/, [ʃäː.kʰäː]

Noun

शाखा • (śākhā) f

branch, field of study
ज्यामिति गणित की एक शाखा है।
jyāmiti gaṇit kī ek śākhā hai.
Geometry is but one branch of mathematics.
sect, school; shakha
tributary (of a river)
Synonyms: उपनदी (upandī), सहायक नदी (sahāyak nadī)
branch (of a business)

Declension

Declension of *शाखा* (fem ā-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	शाखा śākhā	शाखाएँ śākhāẽ
oblique	शाखा śākhā	शाखाओं śākhāõ
vocative	शाखा śākhā	शाखाओ śākhāo

References

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शाखा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 947

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

শাখা (Assamese script)
ᬰᬵᬔᬵ (Balinese script)
শাখা (Bengali script)
𑰫𑰯𑰏𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀰𑀸𑀔𑀸 (Brahmi script)
ၐာခါ (Burmese script)
શાખા (Gujarati script)
ਸ਼ਾਖਾ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌶𑌾𑌖𑌾 (Grantha script)
ꦯꦴꦑꦴ (Javanese script)
𑂬𑂰𑂎𑂰 (Kaithi script)
ಶಾಖಾ (Kannada script)
ឝាខា (Khmer script)
ຨາຂາ (Lao script)
ശാഖാ (Malayalam script)
ᡧᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡘᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
𑘫𑘰𑘏𑘰 (Modi script)
ᠱᠠᢗᠻᠠ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧋𑧑𑦯𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
𑐱𑐵𑐏𑐵 (Newa script)
ଶାଖା (Odia script)
ꢯꢵꢓꢵ (Saurashtra script)
𑆯𑆳𑆒𑆳 (Sharada script)
𑖫𑖯𑖏𑖯 (Siddham script)
ශාඛා (Sinhalese script)
𑩿𑩛𑩝𑩛 (Soyombo script)
𑚧𑚭𑚋𑚭 (Takri script)
ஶாக²ா (Tamil script)
శాఖా (Telugu script)
ศาขา (Thai script)
ཤཱ་ཁཱ (Tibetan script)
𑒬𑒰𑒐𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
𑨮𑨊𑨌𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śā́kʰaH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćā́kʰaH, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱókh₂eh₂ (“branch”). Cognate with Persian (šâx, “branch”), Old Armenian ցախ (cʻax, “branch, twig”), Lithuanian šakà (“branch”), Gothic 𐌷𐍉𐌷𐌰 (hōha, “plough”), Old East Slavic соха (soxa, “stake, club, brace, plough”), Old Irish géc (“branch”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɑ́ː.kʰɑː/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕɑː.kʰɑː/

Noun

शाखा • (śā́khā) stem, f

branch (literally and figuratively)
- RV 7.43.1
  पर वो यज्ञेषु देवयन्तो अर्चन दयावा नमोभिः परिथिवी इषध्यै |
  
  येषां बरह्माण्यसमानि विप्रा विष्वग वियन्ति वनिनो न शाखाः ||
  pra vo yajñeṣu devayanto arcan dyāvā namobhiḥ prithivī iṣadhyai |
  
  yeṣāṃ brahmāṇyasamāni viprā viṣvagh viyanti vanino na śākhāḥ ||
  SING out the pious at your sacrifices to move with adorations Earth and Heaven-
  
  The Holy Singers, whose unmatched devotions, like a tree's branches, part in all directions.
shakha: a branch or school of the Veda (each school adhering to its own traditional text and interpretation)
plant products - Śāka (sa: शाक):— “plant products”, "vegetables" viz. greens, root, fruit, leaf, flower, etc term used throughout Ayurvedic literature.
a vegetarian - Shakahari (sa:शाकाहारी). Śākāhāra (sa: शाकाहार), Śākāhārī (sa:शाकाहारी).
teak tree - Shakavriksha, Śākavṛkṣa, Shaka-vriksha (sa: Śākavṛkṣa, शाकवृक्ष) - the teak tree, compound consisting of the terms śāka(शाक) and vṛkṣa (वृक्ष). Śākavṛkṣa (शाकवृक्ष):— [śāka-vṛkṣa] (kṣaḥ) 1. m. The teak tree.
a carpenter - Takṣaka (sa:तक्षक) refers to the “carpenter” in Vastu Shastra architecture manuals.
a limb of the body, arm or leg
finger
the surface of the body
a door-post (compare द्वारशाखा (dvāra-śākhā))
the wing of a building
division, subdivision
the third part of an astrological संहिता (saṃhitā) (also शाखास्कन्ध (śākhā-skandha), m.)
a branch of any science

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of शाखा
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शाखा (śā́khā)	शाखे (śā́khe)	शाखाः (śā́khāḥ)
accusative	शाखाम् (śā́khām)	शाखे (śā́khe)	शाखाः (śā́khāḥ)
instrumental	शाखया (śā́khayā) शाखा¹ (śā́khā¹)	शाखाभ्याम् (śā́khābhyām)	शाखाभिः (śā́khābhiḥ)
dative	शाखायै (śā́khāyai)	शाखाभ्याम् (śā́khābhyām)	शाखाभ्यः (śā́khābhyaḥ)
ablative	शाखायाः (śā́khāyāḥ) शाखायै² (śā́khāyai²)	शाखाभ्याम् (śā́khābhyām)	शाखाभ्यः (śā́khābhyaḥ)
genitive	शाखायाः (śā́khāyāḥ) शाखायै² (śā́khāyai²)	शाखयोः (śā́khayoḥ)	शाखानाम् (śā́khānām)
locative	शाखायाम् (śā́khāyām)	शाखयोः (śā́khayoḥ)	शाखासु (śā́khāsu)
vocative	शाखे (śā́khe)	शाखे (śā́khe)	शाखाः (śā́khāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀸 (sāhā)
Pali: sākhā
→ Bengali: শাখা (śakha)
- → Khmer: សាខា (saakhaa)
- → Lao: ສາຂາ (sā khā)
- → Thai: สาขา (sǎa-kǎa)
Romani: śax (“cabbage”)
→ Balinese: ᬰᬵᬓᬵ (saka)
→ English: shakha
→ Gujarati: શાખા (śākhā)
→ Hindi: शाखा (śākhā)
→ Old Marathi: 𑘭𑘰𑘬𑘰 (sāṣā)
- → Marathi: शाखा (śākhā)
→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ਾਖਾ (śākhā)
→ Telugu: శాఖ (śākha)
→ Tamil: சாகை (cākai)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “शाखा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1062, column 3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 628