شاخ

See also: ساح

Arabic

Root
ش ي خ (š y ḵ)
5 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃaː.xa/

Verb

شَاخَ • (šāḵa) I (non-past يَشِيخُ (yašīḵu), verbal noun شَيَخ (šayaḵ) or شُيُوخَة (šuyūḵa) or شُيُوخِيَّة (šuyūḵiyya) or شَيْخُوخَة (šayḵūḵa) or شَيْخُوخِيَّة (šayḵūḵiyya))

1. (intransitive) to become elderly; to age; to senesce

Conjugation

Conjugation of شَاخَ (I, hollow, a ~ i, full passive (?), verbal nouns شَيَخ, شُيُوخَة, شُيُوخِيَّة, شَيْخُوخَة, شَيْخُوخِيَّة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						شَيَخ, شُيُوخَة, شُيُوخِيَّة, شَيْخُوخَة, شَيْخُوخِيَّة šayaḵ, šuyūḵa, šuyūḵiyya, šayḵūḵa, šayḵūḵiyya
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						شَائِخ šāʔiḵ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَشِيخ mašīḵ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شِخْتُ šiḵtu	شِخْتَ šiḵta	شَاخَ šāḵa		شِخْتُمَا šiḵtumā	شَاخَا šāḵā		شِخْنَا šiḵnā	شِخْتُمْ šiḵtum	شَاخُوا šāḵū
	f		شِخْتِ šiḵti	شَاخَتْ šāḵat			شَاخَتَا šāḵatā			شِخْتُنَّ šiḵtunna	شِخْنَ šiḵna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَشِيخُ ʔašīḵu	تَشِيخُ tašīḵu	يَشِيخُ yašīḵu		تَشِيخَانِ tašīḵāni	يَشِيخَانِ yašīḵāni		نَشِيخُ našīḵu	تَشِيخُونَ tašīḵūna	يَشِيخُونَ yašīḵūna
	f		تَشِيخِينَ tašīḵīna	تَشِيخُ tašīḵu			تَشِيخَانِ tašīḵāni			تَشِخْنَ tašiḵna	يَشِخْنَ yašiḵna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَشِيخَ ʔašīḵa	تَشِيخَ tašīḵa	يَشِيخَ yašīḵa		تَشِيخَا tašīḵā	يَشِيخَا yašīḵā		نَشِيخَ našīḵa	تَشِيخُوا tašīḵū	يَشِيخُوا yašīḵū
	f		تَشِيخِي tašīḵī	تَشِيخَ tašīḵa			تَشِيخَا tašīḵā			تَشِخْنَ tašiḵna	يَشِخْنَ yašiḵna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَشِخْ ʔašiḵ	تَشِخْ tašiḵ	يَشِخْ yašiḵ		تَشِيخَا tašīḵā	يَشِيخَا yašīḵā		نَشِخْ našiḵ	تَشِيخُوا tašīḵū	يَشِيخُوا yašīḵū
	f		تَشِيخِي tašīḵī	تَشِخْ tašiḵ			تَشِيخَا tašīḵā			تَشِخْنَ tašiḵna	يَشِخْنَ yašiḵna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		شِخْ šiḵ			شِيخَا šīḵā				شِيخُوا šīḵū
	f		شِيخِي šīḵī							شِخْنَ šiḵna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شِخْتُ šiḵtu	شِخْتَ šiḵta	شِيخَ šīḵa		شِخْتُمَا šiḵtumā	شِيخَا šīḵā		شِخْنَا šiḵnā	شِخْتُمْ šiḵtum	شِيخُوا šīḵū
	f		شِخْتِ šiḵti	شِيخَتْ šīḵat			شِيخَتَا šīḵatā			شِخْتُنَّ šiḵtunna	شِخْنَ šiḵna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُشَاخُ ʔušāḵu	تُشَاخُ tušāḵu	يُشَاخُ yušāḵu		تُشَاخَانِ tušāḵāni	يُشَاخَانِ yušāḵāni		نُشَاخُ nušāḵu	تُشَاخُونَ tušāḵūna	يُشَاخُونَ yušāḵūna
	f		تُشَاخِينَ tušāḵīna	تُشَاخُ tušāḵu			تُشَاخَانِ tušāḵāni			تُشَخْنَ tušaḵna	يُشَخْنَ yušaḵna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُشَاخَ ʔušāḵa	تُشَاخَ tušāḵa	يُشَاخَ yušāḵa		تُشَاخَا tušāḵā	يُشَاخَا yušāḵā		نُشَاخَ nušāḵa	تُشَاخُوا tušāḵū	يُشَاخُوا yušāḵū
	f		تُشَاخِي tušāḵī	تُشَاخَ tušāḵa			تُشَاخَا tušāḵā			تُشَخْنَ tušaḵna	يُشَخْنَ yušaḵna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُشَخْ ʔušaḵ	تُشَخْ tušaḵ	يُشَخْ yušaḵ		تُشَاخَا tušāḵā	يُشَاخَا yušāḵā		نُشَخْ nušaḵ	تُشَاخُوا tušāḵū	يُشَاخُوا yušāḵū
	f		تُشَاخِي tušāḵī	تُشَخْ tušaḵ			تُشَاخَا tušāḵā			تُشَخْنَ tušaḵna	يُشَخْنَ yušaḵna

Central Kurdish

Noun

شاخ (şax)

1. mountain

Persian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćā́kʰaH, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱókh₂eh₂ (“branch”). Cognate with Sanskrit शाखा (śākhā, “branch, twig, limb, finger”), Old Armenian ցախ (cʻax, “branch, twig”), Lithuanian šakà (“branch”), Gothic 𐌷𐍉𐌷𐌰 (hōha, “plough”), Old East Slavic соха (soxa, “stake, club, brace, plough”), Old Irish géc (“branch”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʃaːx]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃɑːx]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃɑːx]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃɑːx]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃɔːx]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃɒːx]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃɔχ]

Readings
Classical reading?	šāx
Dari reading?	šāx
Iranian reading?	šâx
Tajik reading?	šox

Noun

Dari	شاخ
Iranian Persian
Tajik	шох

شاخ • (šâx)

1. horn, antler
2. a branch, bough, shoot, sucker, twig
3. the arm, from the tip of the finger to the shoulder
4. the leg, from the groin to the foot
5. a small cut from a main stream
6. the spur of a cock
7. a rib
8. a bit, piece
9. a gusset, gore
10. the forehead
11. the main beam in the roof of a house
12. a cup of wine (from a custom prevailing in Jurjistān, to drink wine out of horns), a goblet, a drinking-horn
13. wine mixed with rose-water
14. a horn wherein they keep civet, a scent-box
15. civet
16. the civet-cat
17. spices, perfumes

Related terms

• شاخی (šâxi)
• شاخه (šâxe)
• تک‌شاخ (tak-šâx)

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “شاخ+shāḵẖ”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

Urdu

شاخ (sense .1)

شاخ (sense .2)

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian شاخ (šāx, “horn; branch”). Compare Sanskrit शाखा (śākhā, “branch, twig; limb”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ʃɑːx/

Noun

شاخ • (śāx) f (Hindi spelling शाख़)

1. horn; antler
2. tree branch, bough
3. (by extension) organizational branch

Derived terms

• تیغِ دو شاخ (tīġ-do-śāx, “double-edged sword”)
• شاخ آرزو (śāx-e-ārzū, “branch of hope”)
• شاخ دار (śāx-dār, “branched; continuous, consecutive”)
• شاخ دَرْ شاخ (śāx-dar-śāx, “entangled; intricate”, literally “branch after branch”)
• شاخِ دَریا (śāx-e-daryā, “tributary river”)
• شاخِ نازُک (śāx-e-nāzuk, “delicate branch”)
• شاخِ کَماں (śāx-e-kamā̃, “arched branch”)
• شاخِ گُل (śāx-e-gul, “flowered branch”)
• شاخْچَہ (śāxca, “offshoot”)

References

• “شاخ”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “شاخ”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “شاخ”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• “شاخ”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.