ḫt

See also: ẖt, ht, ␉, HT, hT, .ht, and h/t

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xɛt/
  • Conventional anglicization: khet

Etymology 1

From earlier jḫt, .

Noun

 f m

1. (feminine) thing, goods, possession, property
2. (usually masculine) something, anything
3. (feminine) food, meal

Inflection

Declension of ḫt (feminine)

singular	jḫt
dual	jḫtj
plural	jḫwt

Declension of ḫt (masculine)

singular	jḫt
dual	jḫtwj
plural	jḫtw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫt  

ḫt	jḫt	ḫt	jḫt	ꜣḫt	št	ḫt	jšt
	[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]
			Only in sense “meal”			Only in sense “meal”

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /χit/ → /χiʔ/ → /χeʔ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /χit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /χiʔ/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /χeʔ/

Noun

 m

1. wood
2. tree
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 59–60:

     ḫtw ḥr gmgm tꜣ ḥr mnmn

     Trees were breaking, the ground was quaking.

3. (plural only) timbers
4. stick, staff, pole, rod
5. mast
6. a rod, a measure of length equivalent to 100 mḥw, or 52.5 metres. In full ḫt n nwḥ.

Inflection

Declension of ḫt (masculine)

singular	ḫt
dual	ḫtwj
plural	ḫtw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫt  

ḫt

Derived terms

• ꜥt n ḫt (“orchard”)
• r ḫt (“by the authority of”)
• ḫtj (“carve”)
• ḫtyw^? (“platform”)
• ḫtwt (“furniture”)
• ḫt n ꜥnḫ (“tree of life”)
• ḫt-n-šnj

 

Descendants

• Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)

Etymology 3

Preposition

1. throughout

Derived terms

• jmj-ḫt (“those who follow after, posterity”)
• m ḫt (“after, as a result of, the future”)
• ḫtjw tꜣ (“peasants”)
• ḫtw (“labourers”)
• ḫtḫt (“through”)

 

Etymology 4

Noun

 f

1. fire

Inflection

Declension of ḫt (feminine)

singular	ḫt
dual	ḫtj
plural	ḫwt

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 38, 48, 83, 89, 457.
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN