ἔθνος
See also: έθνος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
PIE word |
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*swé |
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From Ancient Greek ἔθω (éthō, “I am accustomed, wont (to something)”), equivalent to Proto-Indo-European *swedʰ-no-, expanded from the reflexive pronoun Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /é.tʰnos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈe.tʰnos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈe.θnos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈe.θnos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈe.θnos/
Noun
ἔθνος • (éthnos) n (genitive ἔθνεος or ἔθνους); third declension
- group of people: tribe, family
- group of animals: flock, herd
- country, nation
- (later, in the plural) foreign nations, barbarians
- (Jewish and Christian usage, in the plural) gentiles, heathen
- class, caste
Inflection
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ ἔθνος tò éthnos |
τὼ ἔθνει tṑ éthnei |
τᾰ̀ ἔθνη tà éthnē | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ἔθνους toû éthnous |
τοῖν ἐθνοῖν toîn ethnoîn |
τῶν ἐθνῶν tôn ethnôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ἔθνει tôi éthnei |
τοῖν ἐθνοῖν toîn ethnoîn |
τοῖς ἔθνεσῐ / ἔθνεσῐν toîs éthnesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ ἔθνος tò éthnos |
τὼ ἔθνει tṑ éthnei |
τᾰ̀ ἔθνη tà éthnē | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἔθνος éthnos |
ἔθνει éthnei |
ἔθνη éthnē | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ ἔθνος tò éthnos |
τὼ ἔθνει / ἔθνεε tṑ éthnei / éthnee |
τᾰ̀ ἔθνεᾰ tà éthnea | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ἔθνεος / ἔθνευς toû éthneos / éthneus |
τοῖν ἐθνέοιν toîn ethnéoin |
τῶν ἐθνέων tôn ethnéōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ἔθνει / ἔθνεῐ̈ tôi éthnei / éthneï |
τοῖν ἐθνέοιν toîn ethnéoin |
τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν ἔθνεσῐ / ἔθνεσῐν toîsi(n) éthnesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ ἔθνος tò éthnos |
τὼ ἔθνει / ἔθνεε tṑ éthnei / éthnee |
τᾰ̀ ἔθνεᾰ tà éthnea | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἔθνος éthnos |
ἔθνει / ἔθνεε éthnei / éthnee |
ἔθνεᾰ éthnea | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
- ἐθνάρχης (ethnárkhēs)
- ἐθναρχία (ethnarkhía)
- ἐθνηδόν (ethnēdón)
- ἐθνικός (ethnikós)
- ἐθνίτης (ethnítēs)
- ἐθνοφύλαξ (ethnophúlax)
Descendants
from the spoken alternative form ἕθνος (héthnos):
- Aramaic:
- Classical Syriac: ܗܬܢܘܣ (haṯnōs)
- Coptic: ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ (hethnos)
- Old Armenian: հեթանոս (hetʻanos)
- Armenian: հեթանոս (hetʻanos)
Further reading
- “ἔθνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἔθνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἔθνος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἔθνος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἔθνος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἔθνος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “ἔθνος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G1484 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 377–378
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *swé
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek neuter nouns
- Ancient Greek third-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension