吸う
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 吸 |
| す Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 喫う |
Etymology
[edit]From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *supu. Cognate with Okinawan 吸ぷゆん (shipuyun).
Likely an onomatopoeia. Compare Middle Korean ᄲᆞᆯ〮다〮 (spóltá, “to suck”), Middle Chinese 吸 (MC xip, “to suck”), Proto-Austronesian *-sep (“to suck”), Proto-Indo-European *sewg- (“to suck”), etc.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 吸う
| Plain | 吸う | すう | [sùú] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 吸って | すって | [sùtté] |
| Perfective | 吸った | すった | [sùttá] |
| Negative | 吸わない | すわない | [sùwánáí] |
| Negative perfective | 吸わなかった | すわなかった | [sùwánáꜜkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 吸えば | すえば | [sùéꜜbà] |
| Past conditional | 吸ったら | すったら | [sùttáꜜrà] |
| Imperative | 吸え | すえ | [sùé] |
| Volitional | 吸おう | すおー | [sùóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 吸いたい | すいたい | [sùítáí] |
| Formal | 吸います | すいます | [sùímáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 吸いません | すいません | [sùímáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 吸いましょう | すいましょー | [sùímáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 吸いました | すいました | [sùímáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 吸い 吸いに |
すい すいに |
[sùí] [sùí ní] |
| Negative continuative | 吸わず 吸わずに |
すわず すわずに |
[sùwázú] [sùwázú ní] |
| Passive | 吸われる | すわれる | [sùwárérú] |
| Causative | 吸わせる 吸わす |
すわせる すわす |
[sùwásérú] [sùwású] |
| Potential | 吸える | すえる | [sùérú] |
Verb
[edit]吸う • (suu) ←すふ (sufu)?transitive godan (stem 吸い (sui), past 吸った (sutta))
- to inhale
- to smoke (tobacco or other drugs)
- タバコを吸ってもいいですか。
- Tabako o sutte mo ii desu ka.
- Is it okay to smoke?
- タバコを吸ってもいいですか。
- to suck
- to absorb
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 吸わ | すわ | suwa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 吸い | すい | sui |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 吸う | すう | suu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 吸う | すう | suu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 吸え | すえ | sue |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 吸え | すえ | sue |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 吸われる | すわれる | suwareru |
| Causative | 吸わせる 吸わす |
すわせる すわす |
suwaseru suwasu |
| Potential | 吸える | すえる | sueru |
| Volitional | 吸おう | すおう | suō |
| Negative | 吸わない | すわない | suwanai |
| Negative continuative | 吸わず | すわず | suwazu |
| Formal | 吸います | すいます | suimasu |
| Perfective | 吸った | すった | sutta |
| Conjunctive | 吸って | すって | sutte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 吸えば | すえば | sueba |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 吸は | すは | sufa |
| Continuative (連用形) | 吸ひ | すひ | sufi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 吸ふ | すふ | sufu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 吸ふ | すふ | sufu |
| Realis (已然形) | 吸へ | すへ | sufe |
| Imperative (命令形) | 吸へ | すへ | sufe |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 吸はず | すはず | sufazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 吸へど | すへど | sufedo |
| Causal conjunction | 吸へば | すへば | sufeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 吸はば | すはば | sufaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 吸ひき | すひき | sufiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 吸ひけり | すひけり | sufikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 吸ひつ | すひつ | sufitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 吸ひぬ | すひぬ | sufinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 吸へり 吸ひたり |
すへり すひたり |
suferi sufitari |
| Volitional | 吸はむ | すはむ | sufamu |
References
[edit]- ^ “吸”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2010), Koreo-Japonica: A Re-Evaluation of a Common Genetic Origin, University of Hawai’i Press, →ISBN, →JSTOR, page 179
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “吸う”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
- Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 吸 read as す
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -u
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples