吸う
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
吸 |
す Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *supu. Cognate with Okinawan 吸ぷゆん (shipuyun).
Likely an onomatopoeia. Compare Middle Korean ᄲᆞᆯ〮다〮 (spóltá, “to suck”), Middle Chinese 吸 (MC xip, “to suck”), Proto-Austronesian *-sep (“to suck”), Proto-Indo-European *sewg- (“to suck”), etc.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "吸う"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
吸う | すう | [sùú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 吸え | すえ | [sùé] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 吸われる | すわれる | [sùwárérú] |
Causative | 吸わせる | すわせる | [sùwásérú] |
Potential | 吸える | すえる | [sùérú] |
Volitional | 吸おう | すおー | [sùóꜜò] |
Negative | 吸わない | すわない | [sùwánáí] |
Negative perfective | 吸わなかった | すわなかった | [sùwánáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 吸います | すいます | [sùímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 吸った | すった | [sùttá] |
Conjunctive | 吸って | すって | [sùtté] |
Hypothetical conditional | 吸えば | すえば | [sùéꜜbà] |
Verb
[edit]吸う • (suu) ←すふ (sufu)?transitive godan (stem 吸い (sui), past 吸った (sutta))
- to inhale
- to smoke (tobacco or other drugs)
- タバコを吸ってもいいですか。
- Tabako o sutte mo ii desu ka.
- Is it okay to smoke?
- タバコを吸ってもいいですか。
- to suck
- to absorb
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "吸う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 吸わ | すわ | suwa |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 吸い | すい | sui |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 吸う | すう | suu |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 吸う | すう | suu |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 吸え | すえ | sue |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 吸え | すえ | sue |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 吸われる | すわれる | suwareru |
Causative | 吸わせる 吸わす |
すわせる すわす |
suwaseru suwasu |
Potential | 吸える | すえる | sueru |
Volitional | 吸おう | すおう | suō |
Negative | 吸わない | すわない | suwanai |
Negative continuative | 吸わず | すわず | suwazu |
Formal | 吸います | すいます | suimasu |
Perfective | 吸った | すった | sutta |
Conjunctive | 吸って | すって | sutte |
Hypothetical conditional | 吸えば | すえば | sueba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 吸は | すは | sufa |
Continuative (連用形) | 吸ひ | すひ | sufi |
Terminal (終止形) | 吸ふ | すふ | sufu |
Attributive (連体形) | 吸ふ | すふ | sufu |
Realis (已然形) | 吸へ | すへ | sufe |
Imperative (命令形) | 吸へ | すへ | sufe |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 吸はず | すはず | sufazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 吸へど | すへど | sufedo |
Causal conjunction | 吸へば | すへば | sufeba |
Conditional conjunction | 吸はば | すはば | sufaba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 吸ひき | すひき | sufiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 吸ひけり | すひけり | sufikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 吸ひつ | すひつ | sufitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 吸ひぬ | すひぬ | sufinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 吸へり 吸ひたり |
すへり すひたり |
suferi sufitari |
Volitional | 吸はむ | すはむ | sufamu |
References
[edit]- ^ “吸”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2010) Koreo-Japonica: A Re-Evaluation of a Common Genetic Origin, University of Hawai’i Press, →ISBN, →JSTOR, page 179
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 吸 read as す
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese type 1 verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples