困惑

Chinese

		distress; sleepy; doze off	confuse
simp. and trad. (困惑)		困	惑

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kùnhuò

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan³ waak⁶
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kong⁴ heh⁷ / kuong⁴ heh⁷
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khùn-he̍k / khùn-hia̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kung³ hog⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kùnhuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kùnhuò
    • Wade–Giles: kʻun⁴-huo⁴
    • Yale: kwùn-hwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuennhuoh
    • Palladius: куньхо (kunʹxo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kwan³ waak⁶
    • Yale: kwan waahk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwan³ waak⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuen³ wag⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn³³ waːk̚²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: kong⁴ heh⁷ [Phonetic: kong¹ heh⁷]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: keo̍ng-he̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ hɛʔ⁴/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: kuong⁴ heh⁷ [Phonetic: kuong¹ heh⁷]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuoŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ hɛʔ⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùn-he̍k
    • Tâi-lô: khùn-hi̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quonhek
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɪk̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪk̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ hiɪk̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùn-hia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: khùn-hia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quonhiak
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hiak̚²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kung³ hog⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khùng ho̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hok̚⁴/

Adjective

困惑

1. confused; perplexed; bewildered; puzzled

Synonyms

edit

• 迷惑 (míhuò)
• 迷惘 (míwǎng)
• 迷茫 (mímáng)

Noun

困惑

1. perplexing problem
2. perplexity

Verb

困惑

1. to make confused; to confuse; to perplex; to bewilder; to puzzle

Related terms

• 疑惑 (yíhuò)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
困	惑
こん Grade: 6	わく Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こんわく [kòńwákú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kõ̞ɰ̃β̞a̠kɯ̟]

Noun

困(こん)惑(わく) • (konwaku) 

1. bemusement, bewilderment

Verb

困(こん)惑(わく)する • (konwaku suru) intransitive suru (stem 困(こん)惑(わく)し (konwaku shi), past 困(こん)惑(わく)した (konwaku shita))

1. be confused; be puzzled; be bewildered
   • 2025 May 13, 村上久美子, quotee, “第217回国会　衆議院　厚生労働委員会　第15号　令和7年5月13日”, in 国会会議録検索システム‎^[1], 国立国会図書館:

     このような理不尽なクレームの対応も行わなければならず、現場としても困惑している状況です。

     Kono yō na rifujin na kurēmu no taiō mo okonawa nakereba narazu, genba toshite mo konwaku shite iru jōkyō desu.

     Having to deal with such unreasonable complaints is a confusing situation for those on the front lines.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "困惑する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	困惑し	こんわくし	konwaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	困惑し	こんわくし	konwaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	困惑する	こんわくする	konwaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	困惑する	こんわくする	konwaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	困惑すれ	こんわくすれ	konwaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	困惑せよ¹ 困惑しろ²	こんわくせよ¹ こんわくしろ²	konwaku seyo¹ konwaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	困惑される	こんわくされる	konwaku sareru
Causative	困惑させる 困惑さす	こんわくさせる こんわくさす	konwaku saseru konwaku sasu
Potential	困惑できる	こんわくできる	konwaku dekiru
Volitional	困惑しよう	こんわくしよう	konwaku shiyō
Negative	困惑しない	こんわくしない	konwaku shinai
Negative continuative	困惑せず	こんわくせず	konwaku sezu
Formal	困惑します	こんわくします	konwaku shimasu
Perfective	困惑した	こんわくした	konwaku shita
Conjunctive	困惑して	こんわくして	konwaku shite
Hypothetical conditional	困惑すれば	こんわくすれば	konwaku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

• “困惑”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026