悩む
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 悩 |
| なや Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 惱む (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
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- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "悩む"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
悩む | なやむ | [nàyáꜜmù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 悩め | なやめ | [nàyáꜜmè] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 悩まれる | なやまれる | [nàyámáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 悩ませる | なやませる | [nàyámáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 悩める | なやめる | [nàyáméꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 悩もう | なやもー | [nàyámóꜜò] |
| Negative | 悩まない | なやまない | [nàyámáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 悩まなかった | なやまなかった | [nàyámáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 悩みます | なやみます | [nàyámímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 悩んだ | なやんだ | [nàyáꜜǹdà] |
| Conjunctive | 悩んで | なやんで | [nàyáꜜǹdè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 悩めば | なやめば | [nàyáꜜmèbà] |
Verb
悩む • (nayamu) intransitive godan (stem 悩み (nayami), past 悩んだ (nayanda))
- worry, be bothered, be emotionally distressed, dwell on
- suffer physically, suffer physical distress
- be troubled with, be burdened with, suffer from
Conjugation
Conjugation of "悩む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 悩ま | なやま | nayama |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 悩み | なやみ | nayami |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 悩む | なやむ | nayamu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 悩む | なやむ | nayamu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 悩め | なやめ | nayame |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 悩め | なやめ | nayame |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 悩まれる | なやまれる | nayamareru |
| Causative | 悩ませる 悩ます |
なやませる なやます |
nayamaseru nayamasu |
| Potential | 悩める | なやめる | nayameru |
| Volitional | 悩もう | なやもう | nayamō |
| Negative | 悩まない | なやまない | nayamanai |
| Negative continuative | 悩まず | なやまず | nayamazu |
| Formal | 悩みます | なやみます | nayamimasu |
| Perfective | 悩んだ | なやんだ | nayanda |
| Conjunctive | 悩んで | なやんで | nayande |
| Hypothetical conditional | 悩めば | なやめば | nayameba |
Synonyms
- (suffer mentally): 苦しむ (kurushimu)
- (suffer physically): 苦しむ (kurushimu), 悶える (modaeru)
- (be troubled): 困る (komaru)
See also
References
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.