敢若

Chinese

Etymology 1

		dare	to seem; like; as to seem; like; as; if
trad. (敢若)		敢	若
simp. #(敢若)		敢	若
alternative forms		簡若／简若 假若 假那 到那 較乃／较乃 Quanzhou 簡若／简若 假若 假那 到那 較乃／较乃 Quanzhou 較若／较若 Quanzhou

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): káⁿ-ná / kà-ná / kán-ná / ká-ná / kah-ná

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káⁿ-ná
    • Tâi-lô: kánn-ná
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvafnar
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nã⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nã⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kà-ná
    • Tâi-lô: kà-ná
    • Phofsit Daibuun: karnar
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ka⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nã⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kán-ná
    • Tâi-lô: kán-ná
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kafnnar
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nã⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nã⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ká-ná
    • Tâi-lô: ká-ná
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kafnar
    • IPA (Taipei): /ka⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nã⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ka⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nã⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kah-ná
    • Tâi-lô: kah-ná
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kahnar
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ nã⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nã⁵³/

Verb

敢若

1. (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to seem; to be like; as if

Synonyms

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• 不啻 (bùchì) (literary)
• 似 (ci⁵) (Cantonese, Classical Chinese)
• 似乎 (sìhū)
• 似如 (si⁴ y²) (Xiang)
• 像 (xiàng)
• 像係／像系 (Hakka)
• 像是 (xiàngshì)
• 儼如／俨如 (yǎnrú) (literary)
• 儼然／俨然 (yǎnrán)
• 儼若／俨若 (yǎnruò) (literary)
• 勝如／胜如 (⁵sen-zy) (Wu)
• 好似 (hǎosì)
• 好像 (hǎoxiàng)
• 如同 (rútóng)
• 好比 (hǎobǐ)
• 宛 (Classical Chinese, or compounds only)
• 宛如 (wǎnrú) (literary)
• 宛然 (wǎnrán) (literary)
• 宛若 (wǎnruò) (literary)
• 就像 (jiùxiàng)
• 彷彿／仿佛 (fǎngfú)
• 忽如 (hūrú) (literary)
• 恍若 (huǎngruò)
• 敢若是 (Hokkien)
• 𣍐輸／𫧃输 (bē-su) (Hokkien)
• 有如 (yǒurú) (formal)
• 猶似／犹似 (yóusì) (literary)
• 猶像／犹像 (yóuxiàng) (literary)
• 猶如／犹如 (yóurú) (formal)
• 甲像 (Hokkien)
• 甲像是 (Hokkien)
• 甲親像／甲亲像 (Hokkien)
• 看上去 (kàn shàngqù)
• 看似 (kànsì)
• 看來／看来 (kànlái)
• 看樣子／看样子 (kànyàngzi)
• 看起來／看起来 (kànqilai)
• 若 (Classical Chinese, or compounds only)
• 若像 (Hokkien)
• 若親像／若亲像 (Hokkien)
• 表面上 (biǎomiànshang)
• 親像／亲像 (Hakka, Hokkien)
• 象 (xiàng)
• 貌似 (màosì)
• 賽可／赛可 (Ningbonese)
• 較像／较像 (Hokkien)
• 較像是／较像是 (Hokkien)
• 較親像／较亲像 (Hokkien)
• 顯得／显得 (xiǎnde)

 

References

• “Entry #8469”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Etymology 2

		dare	to seem; like; as to seem; like; as; if
trad. (敢若)		敢	若
simp. #(敢若)		敢	若
alternative forms		較若／较若 Quanzhou

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): káⁿ-nā / kà-nǎ / kah-nā

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káⁿ-nā
    • Tâi-lô: kánn-nā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvafna
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nã²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kà-nǎ
    • Tâi-lô: kà-nǎ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ka⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nã²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kah-nā
    • Tâi-lô: kah-nā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kahna
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nã²²/

Conjunction

1. (Southern Min) since; as; now that

Synonyms

• 既然 (jìrán)
• (Min Nan) 敢若是