致す

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
いた
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative forms

In modern Japanese, this word is generally written in hiragana, with the kanji spelling used in more formal writing.

Etymology

From Old Japanese. Derived as the transitive/causative counterpart to intransitive verb 至る (itaru, to come; to go; to reach a point in time or space; to result in),[1] originally meaning the same as causative conjugation 至らせる (itaraseru, to make something or someone come or go; to make something reach a point in time or space; to cause a certain result).[1][2]

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "致す"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
致す [ìtáꜜsù]
Imperative (命令形) 致せ [ìtáꜜsè]
Key constructions
Passive 致される たされ [ìtásáréꜜrù]
Causative 致させる たさせ [ìtásáséꜜrù]
Potential 致せる たせ [ìtáséꜜrù]
Volitional 致そう たそ [ìtásóꜜò]
Negative 致さない たさない [ìtásáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 致さなかった たさなかった [ìtásáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 致します たしま [ìtáshímáꜜsù]
Perfective 致した した [ìtáꜜshìtà]
Conjunctive 致して して [ìtáꜜshìtè]
Hypothetical conditional 致せば せば [ìtáꜜsèbà]

Verb

(いた) (itasutransitive godan (stem (いた) (itashi), past (いた)した (itashita))

Japanese verb pair
active 致す
mediopassive 至る
  1. to deliver; to send
    (とお)祖国(そこく)(おも)いを(いた)
    tōi sokoku ni omoi o itasu
    I miss my homeland. (lit., I send my reminiscence to my homeland.)
  2. to have an effect; to lead to a consequence, especially a bad one
    不徳(ふとく)(いた)ところ
    futoku no itasu tokoro
    the damage caused by my wrongdoing
  3. (humble) to do: the humble version of 為る (suru)
    御指示(ごしじ)どおりに(いた)します
    go shiji dōri ni itashimasu
    I will do as you ordered.

Usage notes

When speaking in formal situations, いたす is used in place of する by the speaker in deference to the listener. This is part of the subset of Japanese formal language (敬語 (keigo)) referred to as "humble" language (謙譲語 (kenjōgo)). This word has also found its way into certain common expressions, such as どういたしまして (dō itashimashite, it's all right; you're welcome).

Conjugation

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN