表面

Chinese

Etymology 1

		surface; exterior; to watch surface; exterior; to watch; to show; express; an example; a list or table; a meter; a watch; chart; external	face; side; surface face; side; surface; aspect; top
simp. and trad. (表面)		表	面

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): biǎomiàn

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄠˇ ㄇㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): biu² min⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): péu-mien

(Hailu, HRS): biau^ˊ mien^ˇ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bieo³ ming⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): piáu-bīn / piáu-biān / piáu-bìn

(Teochew, Peng'im): biao² mêng⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: biǎomiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄠˇ ㄇㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: biǎomiàn
  - Wade–Giles: piao³-mien⁴
  - Yale: byǎu-myàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beaumiann
  - Palladius: бяомянь (bjaomjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: biu² min⁶
  - Yale: bíu mihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: biu² min⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: biu² min⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piːu̯³⁵ miːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: péu-mien
  - Hakka Romanization System: beu^ˋ mien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: beu³ mian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /peu̯³¹ mi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: biau^ˊ mien^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /piau²⁴⁻³³ mien¹¹/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bieo³ ming⁴ [Phonetic: bieo⁵ ming⁴]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bâ̤u-mi̍ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pieu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ miŋ⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bieo³ ming⁴ [Phonetic: bieo⁵ ming⁴]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pieu³³²⁻²¹ miŋ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piáu-bīn
  - Tâi-lô: piáu-bīn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piaw'bin
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /piau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bin⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /piau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /piau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /piau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piáu-biān
  - Tâi-lô: piáu-biān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piaw'bien
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /piau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biɛn³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /piau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ biɛn⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /piau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ biɛn³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /piau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biɛn²²/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piáu-bìn
  - Tâi-lô: piáu-bìn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piaw'bixn
  - Sinological IPA (Longyan): /piau²¹ bin²¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: biao² mêng⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: piáu mēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piau⁵²⁻³⁵ meŋ¹¹/

Note: biao2 mêng7 - Jieyang.

Noun

表面

surface; face; external appearance
表面光澤／表面光泽 ― biǎomiàn guāngzé ― lustrous surface

表面微生物 ― biǎomiàn wēishēngwù ― surface microorganism
the superficial aspect; the surface (of a problem)

Synonyms

(surface): (Cantonese) 面頭／面头, (Sichuan) 皮面 (pímiàn), (Xiang) 表面子

Derived terms

表面上 (biǎomiànshang)
表面光 (biǎomiànguāng)
表面化 (biǎomiànhuà)
表面張力 / 表面张力 (biǎomiàn zhānglì)
表面性 (biǎomiànxìng)
表面文章 (biǎomiànwénzhāng)
表面活性劑 / 表面活性剂 (biǎomiàn huóxìngjì)
表面積 / 表面积 (biǎomiànji)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (表面):

→ Japanese: 表面(ひょうめん) (hyōmen)
→ Korean: 표면(表面) (pyomyeon)
→ Vietnamese: biểu diện (表面)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 表面 – see 錶面 (“watch face”). (This term is the simplified form of 錶面).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

References

郭启熹 [Guo, Qixi], editor (2016), “表面”, in 龙岩方言词典 LONGYAN FANGYAN CIDIAN [Dictionary of Longyan dialect] (overall work in Min Nan and Mandarin), Xiamen: 鷺江出版社 [Lujiang Publishing House], →ISBN, page 260.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
表	面
ひょう Grade: 3	めん Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ço̞ːmẽ̞ɴ]
(Tokyo) ひょーめん [hyòóméꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
(Kyōto) ひょーめん [hyòóꜜmèǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])^[4]

Noun

表(ひょう)面(めん) • (hyōmen) ^{←へうめん (feumen)^?}

surface, face

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 “表面”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

“表面”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
表	面

Noun

表面 • (pyomyeon) (hangeul 표면)

hanja form^? of 표면 (“surface, face”)

[SMK7-1] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[NKD2-4] 4.0 ^4.1 “表面”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

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