逃げる
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 逃 |
| に Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 遁げる 北げる |
Etymology
[edit]From Old Japanese 逃ぐ (nigu), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern, from Proto-Japonic *nink-ai-.
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 逃げる
| Plain | 逃げる | にげる | [nìgéꜜrù] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 逃げて | にげて | [níꜜgètè] |
| Perfective | 逃げた | にげた | [níꜜgètà] |
| Negative | 逃げない | にげない | [nìgéꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 逃げなかった | にげなかった | [nìgéꜜnàkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 逃げれば | にげれば | [nìgéꜜrèbà] |
| Past conditional | 逃げたら | にげたら | [níꜜgètàrà] |
| Imperative | 逃げろ 逃げよ |
にげろ にげよ |
[nìgéꜜrò] [nìgéꜜyò] |
| Volitional | 逃げよう | にげよー | [nìgéyóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 逃げたい | にげたい | [nìgétáꜜì] |
| Formal | 逃げます | にげます | [nìgémáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 逃げません | にげません | [nìgémáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 逃げましょう | にげましょー | [nìgémáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 逃げました | にげました | [nìgémáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 逃げ 逃げに |
にげ にげに |
[níꜜgè] [níꜜgè nì] |
| Negative continuative | 逃げず 逃げずに |
にげず にげずに |
[nìgéꜜzù] [nìgéꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 逃げられる | にげられる | [nìgéráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 逃げさせる 逃げさす |
にげさせる にげさす |
[nìgésáséꜜrù] [nìgésáꜜsù] |
| Potential | 逃げられる 逃げれる |
にげられる にげれる |
[nìgéráréꜜrù] [nìgéréꜜrù] |
Verb
[edit]逃げる • (nigeru) intransitive ichidan (stem 逃げ (nige), past 逃げた (nigeta))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 逃がす |
| mediopassive | 逃げる |
- to escape; to run away; to get away (so to not get caught)
- 2010 October 24, Tsutsui, Taishi, “第21幕 無常の風 [Act 21: Uneasy Wind]”, in エスプリト [Esprit], volume 6 (fiction), Tokyo: Mag Garden, →ISBN, page 135:
- みお 逃げて…!
- Mio nigete…!
- Mio, run…!
- みお 逃げて…!
- to escape (from a dangerous or bad situation)
- to avoid, to stay away from
- (sports) to hold on (and win); to win narrowly
- 二点リードしたまま逃げる
- niten rīdo shita mama nigeru
- to have a 2-point lead
- 二点リードしたまま逃げる
- to deviate from normal (condition, direction)
- 腰が逃げている
- koshi ga nigeteiru
- having a strained back
- 熱が逃げる
- netsu ga nigeru
- loss of heat
- 腰が逃げている
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 逃げ | にげ | nige |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 逃げ | にげ | nige |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 逃げる | にげる | nigeru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 逃げる | にげる | nigeru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 逃げれ | にげれ | nigere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 逃げよ¹ 逃げろ² |
にげよ¹ にげろ² |
nigeyo¹ nigero² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 逃げられる | にげられる | nigerareru |
| Causative | 逃げさせる 逃げさす |
にげさせる にげさす |
nigesaseru nigesasu |
| Potential | 逃げられる 逃げれる³ |
にげられる にげれる³ |
nigerareru nigereru³ |
| Volitional | 逃げよう | にげよう | nigeyō |
| Negative | 逃げない 逃げぬ 逃げん |
にげない にげぬ にげん |
nigenai nigenu nigen |
| Negative continuative | 逃げず | にげず | nigezu |
| Formal | 逃げます | にげます | nigemasu |
| Perfective | 逃げた | にげた | nigeta |
| Conjunctive | 逃げて | にげて | nigete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 逃げれば | にげれば | nigereba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- 逃れる (nogareru)
References
[edit]- “逃げる”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 逃 read as に
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese ichidan verbs
- Japanese shimo ichidan verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
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