避ける
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
避 |
さ Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Cognate with Japanese 裂ける (sakeru).
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 77: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "避ける"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
避ける | さける | [sàkéꜜrù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 避けろ | さけろ | [sàkéꜜrò] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 避けられる | さけられる | [sàkéráréꜜrù] |
Causative | 避けさせる | さけさせる | [sàkésáséꜜrù] |
Potential | 避けられる | さけられる | [sàkéráréꜜrù] |
Volitional | 避けよう | さけよー | [sàkéyóꜜò] |
Negative | 避けない | さけない | [sàkéꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 避けなかった | さけなかった | [sàkéꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 避けます | さけます | [sàkémáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 避けた | さけた | [sáꜜkètà] |
Conjunctive | 避けて | さけて | [sáꜜkètè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 避ければ | さければ | [sàkéꜜrèbà] |
Verb
避ける • (sakeru) ichidan (stem 避け (sake), past 避けた (saketa))
- to avoid
- イヌを避けて歩いた。
- Inu o sakete aruita.
- I walked carefully avoiding the dogs.
- イヌを避けて歩いた。
Conjugation
Conjugation of "避ける" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 避け | さけ | sake | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 避け | さけ | sake | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 避ける | さける | sakeru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 避ける | さける | sakeru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 避けれ | さけれ | sakere | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 避けよ¹ 避けろ² |
さけよ¹ さけろ² |
sakeyo¹ sakero² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 避けられる | さけられる | sakerareru | |
Causative | 避けさせる 避けさす |
さけさせる さけさす |
sakesaseru sakesasu | |
Potential | 避けられる 避けれる³ |
さけられる さけれる³ |
sakerareru sakereru³ | |
Volitional | 避けよう | さけよう | sakeyō | |
Negative | 避けない 避けぬ 避けん |
さけない さけぬ さけん |
sakenai sakenu saken | |
Negative continuative | 避けず | さけず | sakezu | |
Formal | 避けます | さけます | sakemasu | |
Perfective | 避けた | さけた | saketa | |
Conjunctive | 避けて | さけて | sakete | |
Hypothetical conditional | 避ければ | さければ | sakereba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 避け | さけ | sake |
Continuative (連用形) | 避け | さけ | sake |
Terminal (終止形) | 避く | さく | saku |
Attributive (連体形) | 避くる | さくる | sakuru |
Realis (已然形) | 避くれ | さくれ | sakure |
Imperative (命令形) | 避けよ | さけよ | sakeyo |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 避けず | さけず | sakezu |
Contrasting conjunction | 避くれど | さくれど | sakuredo |
Causal conjunction | 避くれば | さくれば | sakureba |
Conditional conjunction | 避けば | さけば | sakeba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 避けき | さけき | sakeki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 避けけり | さけけり | sakekeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 避けつ | さけつ | saketu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 避けぬ | さけぬ | sakenu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 避けたり | さけたり | saketari |
Volitional | 避けむ | さけむ | sakemu |
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
避 |
よ Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
除ける |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Daijirin: 「よこ(横)」と同源”)
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 77: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "避ける"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
避ける | よける | [yòkéꜜrù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 避けろ | よけろ | [yòkéꜜrò] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 避けられる | よけられる | [yòkéráréꜜrù] |
Causative | 避けさせる | よけさせる | [yòkésáséꜜrù] |
Potential | 避けられる | よけられる | [yòkéráréꜜrù] |
Volitional | 避けよう | よけよー | [yòkéyóꜜò] |
Negative | 避けない | よけない | [yòkéꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 避けなかった | よけなかった | [yòkéꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 避けます | よけます | [yòkémáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 避けた | よけた | [yóꜜkètà] |
Conjunctive | 避けて | よけて | [yóꜜkètè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 避ければ | よければ | [yòkéꜜrèbà] |
Verb
避ける • (yokeru) ichidan (stem 避け (yoke), past 避けた (yoketa))
- to avoid
Conjugation
Conjugation of "避ける" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 避け | よけ | yoke | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 避け | よけ | yoke | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 避ける | よける | yokeru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 避ける | よける | yokeru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 避けれ | よけれ | yokere | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 避けよ¹ 避けろ² |
よけよ¹ よけろ² |
yokeyo¹ yokero² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 避けられる | よけられる | yokerareru | |
Causative | 避けさせる 避けさす |
よけさせる よけさす |
yokesaseru yokesasu | |
Potential | 避けられる 避けれる³ |
よけられる よけれる³ |
yokerareru yokereru³ | |
Volitional | 避けよう | よけよう | yokeyō | |
Negative | 避けない 避けぬ 避けん |
よけない よけぬ よけん |
yokenai yokenu yoken | |
Negative continuative | 避けず | よけず | yokezu | |
Formal | 避けます | よけます | yokemasu | |
Perfective | 避けた | よけた | yoketa | |
Conjunctive | 避けて | よけて | yokete | |
Hypothetical conditional | 避ければ | よければ | yokereba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 避け | よけ | yoke |
Continuative (連用形) | 避け | よけ | yoke |
Terminal (終止形) | 避く | よく | yoku |
Attributive (連体形) | 避くる | よくる | yokuru |
Realis (已然形) | 避くれ | よくれ | yokure |
Imperative (命令形) | 避けよ | よけよ | yokeyo |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 避けず | よけず | yokezu |
Contrasting conjunction | 避くれど | よくれど | yokuredo |
Causal conjunction | 避くれば | よくれば | yokureba |
Conditional conjunction | 避けば | よけば | yokeba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 避けき | よけき | yokeki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 避けけり | よけけり | yokekeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 避けつ | よけつ | yoketu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 避けぬ | よけぬ | yokenu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 避けたり | よけたり | yoketari |
Volitional | 避けむ | よけむ | yokemu |
Further reading
References
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 避 read as さ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese type 2 verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 避 read as よ