Egyptian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Related to ꜣbb ( “ to separate from ” ) .
Verb
2-lit.
( intransitive ) to stop , to take a break [since Middle Kingdom literature]
( transitive , with an infinitive; in the Greco-Roman Period, with r , m , or n and an infinitive) to cease or stop (doing something)
( transitive ) to avoid
Template:indtr to tarry or stay for a while with (someone)
Template:indtr to part with , to separate from [Late Period to Greco-Roman Period]
Inflection
Conjugation of ꜣb (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ꜣb , geminated stem: ꜣbb
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
ꜣb
ꜣbw , ꜣb
ꜣbt
ꜣb , j.ꜣb
ꜣb , j.ꜣb
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
ꜣb
ḥr ꜣb
m ꜣb
r ꜣb
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
ꜣb.n
ꜣbw , ꜣb
consecutive
ꜣb.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
ꜣbt
perfective 3
ꜣb
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
ꜣb.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
ꜣb , j.ꜣb 1
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
ꜣb
ꜣbb
potentialis1
ꜣb.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
ꜣb , j.ꜣb 1
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
ꜣb.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
ꜣb
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
ꜣb
ꜣbb , ꜣbbj 6 , ꜣb 2 , ꜣbw 2 5 , ꜣby 2 5
imperfective
j.ꜣb 1 , ꜣb , ꜣby , ꜣbw 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
j.ꜣb 1 , j.ꜣbw 1 5 , ꜣb , ꜣbj 6 , ꜣby 6
ꜣb , ꜣbw 5
prospective
ꜣb , ꜣbtj 7
—
ꜣbtj 4 , ꜣbt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣb
ꜣb
ꜣbj
ꜣb
[New Kingdom]
[New Kingdom]
[Greco-Roman Period]
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Likely related to ꜣbw ( “ elephant, ivory, tusk ” ) .
Noun
m
fingernail [Late Period]
Inflection
Declension of ꜣb (masculine)
Descendants
Demotic: yb
Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲃ̄ ( eib̄ ) , ⲓⲉⲉⲃⲉ ( ieebe )
Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲉⲃ ( ieb )
Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲃ̄ ( eib̄ )
References
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN , page 2
Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1926 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] , volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN , pages 6.2–6.8, 7.21
Wilson, Penelope (1991 ) A Lexicographical Study of the Ptolemaic Texts in the Temple of Edfu , Liverpool: University of Liverpool, pages 7–9
James P[eter] Allen (2010 ) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN , page 272 .