하늘

Jeju

Etymology

From Middle Korean 하ᄂᆞᆶ〮 (hànólh). Cognate to Korean 하늘 (haneul).

Pronunciation

• (Morphophonemic) IPA^(key): ⫽hanɨl⫽
• (Jeju City) IPA^(key): [ha̠nɨɭ]
• Phonetic hangul: [하늘]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	haneul
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	haneul
Yale Romanization?	hanul

Noun

하늘 (haneul)

1. sky
2. heaven

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Korean 하ᄂᆞᆶ〮 (hànólh), probably from Old Korean 天乙 (*HANOr). Perhaps related to Middle Korean 하다〮 (Yale: hà-tá, “to be large; to be great”). The Middle Korean /-h/ may be the remnant of an ancient place-related suffix; see Appendix:Middle Korean h-final nouns.

In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 하ᄂᆞᆶ〮 (Yale: hànólh).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ha̠nɯɭ]

  • (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [하늘]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	haneul
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	haneul
McCune–Reischauer?	hanŭl
Yale Romanization?	hanul

• South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 하늘의 / 하늘에 / 하늘까지

  Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the first syllable, and lowers the pitch of subsequent suffixes.

Noun

하늘 (haneul, “sky”).

하늘 • (haneul)

1. sky

   Coordinate term: 땅 (ttang, “earth; land”)

   하늘과 땅 차이 ― haneulgwa ttang chai ― a world of difference (literally, “the difference of sky and land”)

2. (chiefly Confucianism) heaven

   하늘이 무섭지 않은가? ― Haneuri museopji aneun'ga? ― Do you not fear heaven?

3. (Christianity) heavenly god
4. (obsolete) palate

   Synonym: 입천장 (ipcheonjang)

Derived terms

• 밤하늘 (bamhaneul)
• 별하늘 (byeolhaneul)
• 하나님 (hananim)
• 하느님 (haneunim)
• 하늘길 (haneulgil)
• 하늘나라 (haneullara)
• 하늘빛 (haneulbit)
• 하늘색 (haneulsaek)
• 하늘소 (haneulso)

 

See also

• 天 (cheon), the hanja for "sky"