Borrowed from Proto-Semitic *ʔabay- . Compare Hebrew אבה ( ʾāḇā , “ to be willing ” ) .
3ae inf.
( transitive ) to desire , to want , to long for (a thing, a person, or a place) [since the Middle Kingdom]
( transitive or rarely intransitive with n or r , with following infinitive) to want to do [since the Middle Kingdom]
( intransitive , with m , Late Egyptian ) to take pleasure at, to be happy about [Greco-Roman Period]
Conjugation of ꜣbj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜣb , geminated stem: ꜣbb
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
ꜣbt , ꜣbj
ꜣbw , ꜣb
ꜣbt , ꜣbwt , ꜣbyt
ꜣb
ꜣb , ꜣby
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
ꜣb.n
ꜣbw , ꜣb , ꜣby
consecutive
ꜣb.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
ꜣbt , ꜣbyt
perfective 3
ꜣb
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
ꜣb.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
ꜣb , ꜣby
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
ꜣbw , ꜣb , ꜣby
ꜣbw , ꜣb , ꜣby
potentialis1
ꜣb.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
ꜣb , ꜣby
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
ꜣb.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
ꜣbw 1 , ꜣby , ꜣb
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
ꜣb
ꜣby , ꜣb
imperfective
ꜣbb , ꜣbby , ꜣbbw 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
ꜣbb , ꜣbbj 6 , ꜣbby 6
ꜣbb , ꜣbbw 5
prospective
ꜣbw 1 , ꜣby , ꜣb , ꜣbtj 7
—
ꜣbwtj 1 4 , ꜣbtj 4 , ꜣbt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbj
ꜣbj
ꜣbj
ꜣbw
ꜣbj
ꜣbj
jbj
jꜣbj
ꜣbj
[New Kingdom, Greco-Roman Period]
[New Kingdom, Greco-Roman Period]
[New Kingdom]
[Greco-Roman Period]
[Greco-Roman Period]
[Greco-Roman Period]
[Greco-Roman Period]
[Greco-Roman Period]
in hieratic
James P[eter] Allen (2010 ) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN , page 171 .
Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1926 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] , volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN , pages 6.24–7.7
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN , page 2
Wilson, Penelope (1991 ) A Lexicographical Study of the Ptolemaic Texts in the Temple of Edfu , Liverpool: University of Liverpool, pages 7–8