-b
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "b"
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finno-Ugric *-mp. In the Proto-Hungarian period it became -b due to regular phonetic change, then later lengthened to -bb. Cognates include Finnish -mpi.[1]
Suffix
[edit]-b
- (comparative suffix, somewhat archaic) -er, more (still used in compound verb-forming suffixes)
- idős (“old”) + -b → idősb (“older, senior”)
- külön (“separate”) + -b → különb (“superior”, split from the original)
- súlyos (“serious, grave”) + -b → súlyosbodik (“to become graver”)
- súlyos (“serious, grave”) + -b → súlyosbít (“to make graver, aggravate”)
- öreg (“old (archaic: grand, great)”) + -b → öregbít (“to enhance, bolster [reputation], literally “to make greater””)
- helyes (“correct, right”) + -b → helyesbít (“to rectify”)
- kevés (“few, little [in quantity]”) + -b → kevésbé (“less [to less extent/degree]”), kevesbít (“to lessen”)
- utol (“at the end”, obsolete) + -b → utóbb (“later”, originally utolb)
Usage notes
[edit]- (comparative suffix) Variants:
- -b is added to some words ending in a consonant; an archaic variant
- -bb is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -abb is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -obb is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ebb is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- Aside from the literal, relative sense, the comparative in Hungarian can also have an absolute sense, e.g. nagyobb is not necessarily “larger” but also “somewhat large”, “fairly large”, “largish”, “a little on the large side” (but not truly large). This sense is already lexicalized in the case of több, which doesn’t only mean “more” but also “several, multiple” (though not “many”).
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ -bb in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, page 61, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Lushootseed
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-b
- Suffix involved in formation of agent-oriented intransitive verb stems
Veps
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-pi.
Suffix
[edit]-b
- Suffix of the third-person singular.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-pa.
Suffix
[edit]-b
- (no longer productive) -ing; forms a secondary present active participle of a few verbs.
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of -b (inflection type 6/kuva) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | -b | ||
genitive sing. | -ban | ||
partitive sing. | -bad | ||
partitive plur. | -bid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -b | -bad | |
accusative | -ban | -bad | |
genitive | -ban | -biden | |
partitive | -bad | -bid | |
essive-instructive | -ban | -bin | |
translative | -baks | -bikš | |
inessive | -bas | -biš | |
elative | -baspäi | -bišpäi | |
illative | -baha | -bihe | |
adessive | -bal | -bil | |
ablative | -balpäi | -bilpäi | |
allative | -bale | -bile | |
abessive | -bata | -bita | |
comitative | -banke | -bidenke | |
prolative | -badme | -bidme | |
approximative I | -banno | -bidenno | |
approximative II | -bannoks | -bidennoks | |
egressive | -bannopäi | -bidennopäi | |
terminative I | -bahasai | -bihesai | |
terminative II | -balesai | -bilesai | |
terminative III | -bassai | — | |
additive I | -bahapäi | -bihepäi | |
additive II | -balepäi | -bilepäi |
Derived terms
[edit]Categories:
- Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian suffixes with archaic senses
- Lushootseed lemmas
- Lushootseed suffixes
- Veps terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Veps terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Veps lemmas
- Veps suffixes
- Veps inflectional suffixes
- Veps adjective-forming suffixes
- Veps kuva-type nominals