訓読み: difference between revisions

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→‎Japanese: +formatting +rewording sense -- @Huhu9001, the key is not the meaning -- often identical in JA and ZH -- but rather the application of the spelling to a native Japanese term
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==Japanese==
==Japanese==
<div style="float:right;">
⚫
{{ja-kanjitab|くん|よ|yomi=j|alt=訓読}}
{{wikipedia|lang=ja}}
{{wikipedia|lang=ja}}
{{wikipedia|Kanji#Kun.27yomi_.28native_reading.29|Kanji#Kun'yomi (native reading)}}
{{wikipedia|Kanji#Kun.27yomi_.28native_reading.29|Kanji#Kun'yomi (native reading)}}
⚫
{{ja-kanjitab|くん|よ|yomi=j|alt=訓読}}
</div>


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
Compound of {{compound|ja|sort=くんよみ|訓|tr1=kun|t1=[[meaning]]|読み|tr2=yomi|t2=[[reading]]}}. Originally referred to the meanings of Chinese words as expressed using native Japanese words, as opposed to the sounds (i.e. [[pronunciation]]s) to use when reading Chinese text (called {{m|ja|音読み|tr=on'yomi}} or {{m|ja|音読|tr=ondoku}}).<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref>
Compound of {{compound|ja|sort=くんよみ|訓|tr1=kun|t1=meaning|読み|tr2=yomi|t2=reading}}. Originally referred to the meanings of Chinese words in Japanese, as opposed to the sounds (i.e. [[pronunciation]]s) to use when reading Chinese text (called {{m|ja|音読み|tr=on'yomi}} or {{m|ja|音読|tr=ondoku}}).<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref>


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
{{ja-pron|くんよみ|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR,NHK,SMK5}}
{{ja-pron|y=j|くんよみ|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR,NHK,SMK5}}


===Noun===
===Noun===
{{ja-noun|kyu=訓讀み|くんよみ|head=[[訓]][[読み]]}}
{{ja-noun|kyu=訓讀み|くんよみ|head=[[訓]][[読み]]}}


# {{lb|ja|sort=くんよみ|linguistics}} ''[[kun'yomi]]'': a reading of a [[kanji]] based on native Japanese [[vocabulary]] or {{ja-r|大和 言%葉|^やまと こと%ば}}, as opposed to the ''[[on'yomi]]'', a reading based on the original pronunciation borrowed from Chinese
# {{lb|ja|linguistics|sort=くんよみ}} [[w:Kanji#Kun'yomi (native_reading)|kun'yomi]]; a kind of Japanese [[kanji]] readings based on the kanji's meaning rather than their original pronunciation borrowed from Chinese


====Coordinate terms====
====Antonyms====
⚫
* {{ja-r|音読み|おんよみ}}: Chinese-derived reading for Chinese characters
Based on native Japanese vocabulary:
⚫
* {{ja-r|名乗り|なのり}} {{q|used for the readings of names: given names and sometimes place names}}


====Related terms====
Based on Chinese-derived pronunciations:
⚫
* Related to kun'yomi, {{ja-r|名乗り|なのり}} is used for the readings of names (given names and sometimes place names).
⚫
* {{ja-r|音読み|おんよみ}}
** {{ja-r|漢音|かんおん}}
* {{ja-r|漢音|かんおん}}
** {{ja-r|呉音|ご.おん}}
* {{ja-r|呉音|ご.おん}}
** {{ja-r|唐音|とうおん}}
* {{ja-r|唐音|とうおん}}
** {{ja-r|唐宋音|とうそうおん}}
* {{ja-r|唐宋音|とうそうおん}}
** {{ja-r|宋音|そうおん}}
* {{ja-r|宋音|そうおん}}
** {{ja-r|慣用音|かんようおん}}


===Verb===
===Verb===
{{ja-verb-suru|くんよみ}}
{{ja-verb-suru|くんよみ}}


# to use the ''kun'yomi'' of a word, to read a kanji using the pronunciation of a native Japanese word
# to use the kun'yomi of a word, to read a kanji using the pronunciation of a native Japanese word


====Conjugation====
====Conjugation====

Revision as of 21:08, 17 June 2020

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
訓 読
くん
Grade: 4 		よ
Grade: 2
jūbakoyomi
Alternative spellings
訓讀み (kyūjitai)
訓読

Etymology

Compound of 訓 (kun, “meaning”) +‎ 読み (yomi, “reading”). Originally referred to the meanings of Chinese words in Japanese, as opposed to the sounds (i.e. pronunciations) to use when reading Chinese text (called 音読み (on'yomi) or 音読 (ondoku)).[1][2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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  1. (linguistics) kun'yomi; a kind of Japanese kanji readings based on the kanji's meaning rather than their original pronunciation borrowed from Chinese

Antonyms

Verb

訓(くん)読(よ)みする • (kun'yomi suru) suru (stem 訓(くん)読(よ)みし (kun'yomi shi), past 訓(くん)読(よ)みした (kun'yomi shita))

  1. to use the kun'yomi of a word, to read a kanji using the pronunciation of a native Japanese word

Conjugation

Conjugation of "訓読みする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 訓読みし くんよみし kun'yomi shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 訓読みし くんよみし kun'yomi shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 訓読みする くんよみする kun'yomi suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 訓読みする くんよみする kun'yomi suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 訓読みすれ くんよみすれ kun'yomi sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 訓読みせよ¹
訓読みしろ² 		くんよみせよ¹
くんよみしろ² 		kun'yomi seyo¹
kun'yomi shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 訓読みされる くんよみされる kun'yomi sareru
Causative 訓読みさせる
訓読みさす 		くんよみさせる
くんよみさす 		kun'yomi saseru
kun'yomi sasu
Potential 訓読みできる くんよみできる kun'yomi dekiru
Volitional 訓読みしよう くんよみしよう kun'yomi shiyō
Negative 訓読みしない くんよみしない kun'yomi shinai
Negative continuative 訓読みせず くんよみせず kun'yomi sezu
Formal 訓読みします くんよみします kun'yomi shimasu
Perfective 訓読みした くんよみした kun'yomi shita
Conjunctive 訓読みして くんよみして kun'yomi shite
Hypothetical conditional 訓読みすれば くんよみすれば kun'yomi sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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