Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ъka: difference between revisions
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# {{non-gloss definition|Denominal, forms diminutives.}} |
# {{non-gloss definition|Denominal, forms diminutives.}} |
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#: {{syn|sla-pro|*-ica}}, {{l|sla-pro|*-ъlъ|*-ъlа}} {{q|with additional derogatory flair}} |
#: {{syn|sla-pro|*-ica}}, {{l|sla-pro|*-ъlъ|*-ъlа}} {{q|with additional derogatory flair}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*mati|t1=mother|[[*matьka]], [[*maťerъka]]|t2=mommy}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*teta|t1=aunt|*tetъka|t2=auntie}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*gora|t1=mountain|*gorъka|t2=small mountain, hill}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*pǫpъ|t1=belly button|*pǫpъka|t2=pimple}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*kotъ|t1=cat|*kotъka|t2=young cat}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*bylьje|t1=herb plant, medicine|*bylьka|t2=herb}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*lъga|t1=oval tool|*lyžьka|t2=spoon}} {{q|along with {{m|sla-pro|*lъžica}}}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*vidla|t1=pitchfork|*vidlъka|t2=fork}} {{q|along with {{m|sla-pro|*vidlica}}}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*pala|t1=stake, pole|*palъka|t2=cane, stick}} {{q|along with {{m|sla-pro|*palica}}}} |
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# {{non-gloss definition|Deadjectival, denoting a carrier of the specified property.}} |
# {{non-gloss definition|Deadjectival, denoting a carrier of the specified property.}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*bělъ|t1=white|*bělъka|t2=something or somebody white}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*čьrnъ|t1=black|*čьrnъka|t2=something or somebody black}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*bolь|t1=painful|*bolъka|t2=acute pain}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*polъ|t1=half|*polъka|t2=one half; type of dance}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*-měrъ|t1=considerable, great|*měrъka|t2=measure, estimate}} |
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# {{non-gloss definition|Deverbal, denoting a (feminine) agent or a tool performing the specified action or a result from the action.}} |
# {{non-gloss definition|Deverbal, denoting a (feminine) agent or a tool performing the specified action or a result from the action.}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*prositi|t1=to ask, to beg|*prošьka|t2=remission, pardon}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*dojiti|t1=to nurse, to give milk|*dojьka|t2=breast, wet-nurse}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*krojiti|t1=to cut, to shape|*krojьka|t2=embroidery, needlework}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*brojiti|t1=to count|*brojьka|t2=account, number}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*bьrati|t1=to gather, to pick|*sъbirъka|t2=gathering, assemblage}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*pьrati|t1=to propel|*perъka|t2=fin, propeller, vane (of a machine)}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*svirati|t1=to play a music instrument|*svirъka|t2=flute}} |
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# {{non-gloss definition|From numerals, denoting a set of the respective number. For numerals between 4 and 8, the supplementary {{m|sla-pro|*-orъ}} is affixed.}} |
# {{non-gloss definition|From numerals, denoting a set of the respective number. For numerals between 4 and 8, the supplementary {{m|sla-pro|*-orъ}} is affixed.}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*dъva|t1=two|*dvojьka|t2=pair}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*trьje|t1=three|*trojьka|t2=triple}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*četyre|t1=four|*četvorъka|t2=set of four}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*pętь|t1=five|*pętorъka|t2=set of five}} |
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#: {{ |
#: {{suffixusex|sla-pro|*desętь|t1=ten|*desętъka|t2=decade}} |
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====Alternative forms==== |
====Alternative forms==== |
Revision as of 10:16, 18 February 2021
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Extended version of Proto-Indo-European *-keh₂, appended to thematic roots. The suffix could be attached to any stem (o-, u-, i-, or consonant).
Suffix
*-ъka f
- Denominal, forms diminutives.
- Synonym: *-ica, *-ъlа (with additional derogatory flair)
- *mati (“mother”) + *-ъka → *matьka, *maťerъka (“mommy”)
- *teta (“aunt”) + *-ъka → *tetъka (“auntie”)
- *gora (“mountain”) + *-ъka → *gorъka (“small mountain, hill”)
- *pǫpъ (“belly button”) + *-ъka → *pǫpъka (“pimple”)
- *kotъ (“cat”) + *-ъka → *kotъka (“young cat”)
- *bylьje (“herb plant, medicine”) + *-ъka → *bylьka (“herb”)
- *lъga (“oval tool”) + *-ъka → *lyžьka (“spoon”) (along with *lъžica)
- *vidla (“pitchfork”) + *-ъka → *vidlъka (“fork”) (along with *vidlica)
- *pala (“stake, pole”) + *-ъka → *palъka (“cane, stick”) (along with *palica)
- Deadjectival, denoting a carrier of the specified property.
- *bělъ (“white”) + *-ъka → *bělъka (“something or somebody white”)
- *čьrnъ (“black”) + *-ъka → *čьrnъka (“something or somebody black”)
- *bolь (“painful”) + *-ъka → *bolъka (“acute pain”)
- *polъ (“half”) + *-ъka → *polъka (“one half; type of dance”)
- *-měrъ (“considerable, great”) + *-ъka → *měrъka (“measure, estimate”)
- Deverbal, denoting a (feminine) agent or a tool performing the specified action or a result from the action.
- *prositi (“to ask, to beg”) + *-ъka → *prošьka (“remission, pardon”)
- *dojiti (“to nurse, to give milk”) + *-ъka → *dojьka (“breast, wet-nurse”)
- *krojiti (“to cut, to shape”) + *-ъka → *krojьka (“embroidery, needlework”)
- *brojiti (“to count”) + *-ъka → *brojьka (“account, number”)
- *bьrati (“to gather, to pick”) + *-ъka → *sъbirъka (“gathering, assemblage”)
- *pьrati (“to propel”) + *-ъka → *perъka (“fin, propeller, vane (of a machine)”)
- *svirati (“to play a music instrument”) + *-ъka → *svirъka (“flute”)
- From numerals, denoting a set of the respective number. For numerals between 4 and 8, the supplementary *-orъ is affixed.
Alternative forms
- *-jьka (when attached to roots ending in *-j- or some i-stems)
Declension
Declension of *-ъka (hard a-stem)
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *-ъka | *-ъcě | *-ъky |
genitive | *-ъky | *-ъku | *-ъkъ |
dative | *-ъcě | *-ъkama | *-ъkamъ |
accusative | *-ъkǫ | *-ъcě | *-ъky |
instrumental | *-ъkojǫ, *-ъkǫ** | *-ъkama | *-ъkami |
locative | *-ъcě | *-ъku | *-ъkasъ, *-ъkaxъ* |
vocative | *-ъko | *-ъcě | *-ъky |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
References
- Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies[1] (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32