Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьrnъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*čь̀rnъ pъtákъ (sense 1)

*čь̀rnъ lȋstъ (sense 2)

*čь̀rnъ čelověkъ (sense 3)

Etymology

From earlier *čirxnu < *kiršnu, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kiršnas, from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥snós (“black”). Cognates include Lithuanian kir̃snas (“black (about a horse)”), Old Prussian kirsnan (“black”), Sanskrit कृष्ण (kṛṣṇá, “black; dark”),^[1] Persian (“dirty”).

Adjective

*čь̀rnъ^[1]^[2]^[3]

black (the darkest color)
čь̀rnъ:

Antonym: *bě̃lъ
dark (color close to black)
Synonym: *tьmь̀nъ

Antonyms: *ě̀snъ, *světьlъ, *jarъkъ, *bě̃lъ

*čь̀rna àgoda ― whortleberry, Vaccinium myrtillus

*čь̀rna vodà ― deep water

*čь̀rnъ lě̑sъ ― black, deep forest

*čь̀rna gorà ― dark mountain, hill

*čь̀rna nòťь ― dark night

*čь̀rnъ xlě̀bъ ― wholemeal bread

*čь̀rna jьstъbà ― dark room with a hearth
dirty
Synonym: *brudьnъ

Antonyms: *čìstъ, *bě̃lъ
→ (figuratively) bad, evil
Synonym: *zъlъ

Antonyms: *dòbrъ, *bě̃lъ

*čь̀rnъ bȍgъ ― bad luck
→ (figuratively) sad
→ (figuratively) unfortunate, unhappy
Synonym: *nesъčęstьlivъ

Antonym: *sъčęstьlivъ

*čь̀rnъ dь̏nь ― unlucky day

*čь̀rna bolestь ― severe illness, epilepsy

*čь̀rna nemoťь ― severe illness, epilepsy

*čь̀rna sъmьrtь ― severe infectious disease

Declension

Indefinite declension of *čьrnъ (hard, accent paradigm a)
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*čь̀rnъ	*čь̀rna	*čь̀rno
genitive	*čь̀rna	*čь̀rny	*čь̀rna
dative	*čь̀rnu	*čь̀rně	*čь̀rnu
accusative	*čь̀rnъ	*čь̀rnǫ	*čь̀rno
instrumental	*čь̀rnomь	*čь̀rnojǫ	*čь̀rnomь
locative	*čь̀rně	*čь̀rně	*čь̀rně
vocative	*čь̀rne	*čь̀rno	*čь̀rno
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*čь̀rna	*čь̀rně	*čь̀rně
genitive	*čь̀rnu	*čь̀rnu	*čь̀rnu
dative	*čь̀rnoma	*čь̀rnama	*čь̀rnoma
accusative	*čь̀rna	*čь̀rně	*čь̀rně
instrumental	*čь̀rnoma	*čь̀rnama	*čь̀rnoma
locative	*čь̀rnu	*čь̀rnu	*čь̀rnu
vocative	*čь̀rna	*čь̀rně	*čь̀rně
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*čь̀rni	*čь̀rny	*čь̀rna
genitive	*čь̀rnъ	*čь̀rnъ	*čь̀rnъ
dative	*čь̀rnomъ	*čь̀rnamъ	*čь̀rnomъ
accusative	*čь̀rny	*čь̀rny	*čь̀rna
instrumental	*čь̀rny	*čь̀rnami	*čь̀rny
locative	*čь̀rněxъ	*čь̀rnaxъ	*čь̀rněxъ
vocative	*čь̀rni	*čь̀rny	*čь̀rna

Definite declension of *čьrnъ (hard, accent paradigm a)
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*čь̀rnъjь	*čь̀rnaja	*čь̀rnoje
genitive	*čь̀rnajego	*čь̀rnyję̇	*čь̀rnajego
dative	*čь̀rnujemu	*čь̀rněji	*čь̀rnujemu
accusative	*čь̀rnъjь	*čь̀rnǫjǫ	*čь̀rnoje
instrumental	*čь̀rnyjimь	*čь̀rnǫjǫ	*čь̀rnyjimь
locative	*čь̀rnějemь	*čь̀rněji	*čь̀rnějemь
vocative	*čь̀rnъjь	*čь̀rnaja	*čь̀rnoje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*čь̀rnaja	*čь̀rněji	*čь̀rněji
genitive	*čь̀rnuju	*čь̀rnuju	*čь̀rnuju
dative	*čь̀rnyjima	*čь̀rnyjima	*čь̀rnyjima
accusative	*čь̀rnaja	*čь̀rněji	*čь̀rněji
instrumental	*čь̀rnyjima	*čь̀rnyjima	*čь̀rnyjima
locative	*čь̀rnuju	*čь̀rnuju	*čь̀rnuju
vocative	*čь̀rnaja	*čь̀rněji	*čь̀rněji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*čь̀rniji	*čь̀rnyję̇	*čь̀rnaja
genitive	*čь̀rnъjixъ	*čь̀rnъjixъ	*čь̀rnъjixъ
dative	*čь̀rnyjimъ	*čь̀rnyjimъ	*čь̀rnyjimъ
accusative	*čь̀rnyję̇	*čь̀rnyję̇	*čь̀rnaja
instrumental	*čь̀rnyjimi	*čь̀rnyjimi	*čь̀rnyjimi
locative	*čь̀rnyjixъ	*čь̀rnyjixъ	*čь̀rnyjixъ
vocative	*čь̀rniji	*čь̀rnyję̇	*čь̀rnaja

Derived terms

nouns

verbs

*čьrněti impf
*čьrniti impf

adjectives

adverbs

*čьrno

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: чьрнъ (čĭrnŭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: чо́рный (čórnyj)
    - Belarusian: чо́рны (čórny)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: чо́рный (čórnŷj)
    - Ukrainian: чо́рний (čórnyj)
  - Russian: чёрный (čórnyj)
- Old Novgorodian: цьрьне (cʹĭrĭne)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: чрьнъ (črĭnŭ)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱍⱃⱐⱀⱏ (črĭnŭ)
  - Bulgarian: че́рен (čéren)
  - Macedonian: црн (crn)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: цр̑н, чрн, чарн
  
  Latin script: cȓn, črn, čarn
- Slovene: čŕn (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: črný, černý, čirný
  - Czech: černý
- Old Polish: czarny
  - Polish: czarny
  - Silesian: czŏrny
- Old Slovak: čarny, černý, čierny, čírny, črny
  - Pannonian Rusyn: чарни (čarni)
  - Slovak: čierny
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: czôrny
  - Slovincian: czorny
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: carny
  - Upper Sorbian: čorny

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čь̀rnъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 92: “adj. o (b) ‘black’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “čьrnъ čьrna čьrno”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b black (NA 125, 142; SA 108, 146, 172, 199; PR 136)”
^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “čŕ̥nъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 240

[EDSIL-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čь̀rnъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 92: “adj. o (b) ‘black’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001), “čьrnъ čьrna čьrno”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b black (NA 125, 142; SA 108, 146, 172, 199; PR 136)”

[3] Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “čŕ̥nъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 240

[1]

[2]

[3]

bělъ (of animals) bronъ	sivъ, śěrъ, *śědъ	čьrnъ, smaglъ, smǫglъ (of animals) vornъ, *galъ
čьrvenъ, ryďь, *ruměnъ	rudъ, granivъ; smědъ (of animals) gnědъ	žьltъ (of animals) solvъ; *polvъ
*zelenъ	zelenъ, grěnъ
	*polvъ	siňь; modrъ
*slivъ	*bagrъ