Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьrnъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From earlier *čьrxnъ < *kьršnъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kiršnas, from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥snós (“black”).
Cognates include Lithuanian kir̃snas (“black (about a horse)”), Old Prussian kirsnan (“black”), Sanskrit कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa, “black; dark”), Persian کرسنه (“dirty”).
Adjective[edit]
- black (the darkest color)
- čь̀rnъ:
- Antonym: *bě̃lъ
- dark (color close to black)
- Synonym: *tьmь̀nъ
- Antonyms: *ě̀snъ, *světьlъ, *jarъkъ, *bě̃lъ
- *čь̀rna àgoda ― whortleberry, Vaccinium myrtillus
- *čь̀rna vodà ― deep water
- *čь̀rnъ lě̑sъ ― black, deep forest
- *čь̀rna gorà ― dark mountain, hill
- *čь̀rna nòťь ― dark night
- *čь̀rnъ xlě̀bъ ― wholemeal bread
- *čь̀rna jьstъbà ― dark room with a hearth
- dirty
- → (figuratively) bad, evil
- Synonym: *zъlъ
- Antonyms: *dòbrъ, *bě̃lъ
- *čь̀rnъ bȍgъ ― bad luck
- → (figuratively) sad
- → (figuratively) unfortunate, unhappy
- Synonym: *nesъčęstьlivъ
- Antonym: *sъčęstьlivъ
- *čь̀rnъ dь̏nь ― unlucky day
- *čь̀rna bolestь ― severe illness, epilepsy
- *čь̀rna nemoťь ― severe illness, epilepsy
- *čь̀rna sъmьrtь ― severe infectious disease
Declension[edit]
Indefinite declension of *čьrnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *čь̀rnъ | *čь̀rna | *čь̀rno |
| Accusative | *čь̀rnъ | *čь̀rnǫ | *čь̀rno |
| Genitive | *čь̀rna | *čь̀rny | *čь̀rna |
| Locative | *čь̀rně | *čь̀rně | *čь̀rně |
| Dative | *čь̀rnu | *čь̀rně | *čь̀rnu |
| Instrumental | *čь̀rnomь | *čь̀rnojǫ | *čь̀rnomь |
| Vocative | *čь̀rne | *čь̀rno | *čь̀rno |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čь̀rna | *čь̀rně | *čь̀rně |
| Accusative | *čь̀rna | *čь̀rně | *čь̀rně |
| Genitive | *čь̀rnu | *čь̀rnu | *čь̀rnu |
| Locative | *čь̀rnu | *čь̀rnu | *čь̀rnu |
| Dative | *čь̀rnoma | *čь̀rnama | *čь̀rnoma |
| Instrumental | *čь̀rnoma | *čь̀rnama | *čь̀rnoma |
| Vocative | *čь̀rna | *čь̀rně | *čь̀rně |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čь̀rni | *čь̀rny | *čь̀rna |
| Accusative | *čь̀rny | *čь̀rny | *čь̀rna |
| Genitive | *čь̀rnъ | *čь̀rnъ | *čь̀rnъ |
| Locative | *čь̀rněxъ | *čь̀rnaxъ | *čь̀rněxъ |
| Dative | *čь̀rnomъ | *čь̀rnamъ | *čь̀rnomъ |
| Instrumental | *čь̀rny | *čь̀rnami | *čь̀rny |
| Vocative | *čь̀rni | *čь̀rny | *čь̀rna |
Definite declension of *čьrnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *čь̀rnъjь | *čь̀rnaja | *čь̀rnoje |
| Accusative | *čь̀rnъjь | *čь̀rnǫjǫ | *čь̀rnoje |
| Genitive | *čь̀rnajego | *čь̀rnyję | *čь̀rnajego |
| Locative | *čь̀rnějemь | *čь̀rněji | *čь̀rnějemь |
| Dative | *čь̀rnujemu | *čь̀rněji | *čь̀rnujemu |
| Instrumental | *čь̀rnyjimi | *čь̀rnǫjǫ | *čь̀rnyjimi |
| Vocative | *čь̀rnъjь | *čь̀rnaja | *čь̀rnoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čь̀rnaja | *čь̀rněji | *čь̀rněji |
| Accusative | *čь̀rnaja | *čь̀rněji | *čь̀rněji |
| Genitive | *čь̀rnuju | *čь̀rnuju | *čь̀rnuju |
| Locative | *čь̀rnuju | *čь̀rnuju | *čь̀rnuju |
| Dative | *čь̀rnyjima | *čь̀rnyjima | *čь̀rnyjima |
| Instrumental | *čь̀rnyjima | *čь̀rnyjima | *čь̀rnyjima |
| Vocative | *čь̀rnaja | *čь̀rněji | *čь̀rněji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čь̀rniji | *čь̀rnyję | *čь̀rnaja |
| Accusative | *čь̀rnyję | *čь̀rnyję | *čь̀rnaja |
| Genitive | *čь̀rnъjixъ | *čь̀rnъjixъ | *čь̀rnъjixъ |
| Locative | *čь̀rnyjixъ | *čь̀rnyjixъ | *čь̀rnyjixъ |
| Dative | *čь̀rnyjimъ | *čь̀rnyjimъ | *čь̀rnyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *čь̀rnyjimi | *čь̀rnyjimi | *čь̀rnyjimi |
| Vocative | *čь̀rniji | *čь̀rnyję | *čь̀rnaja |
Derived terms[edit]
nouns
verbs
adjectives
adverbs
Descendants[edit]
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
See also[edit]
| *bělъ (of animals) *bronъ |
*sivъ, *śěrъ, *śědъ | *čьrnъ, *smaglъ/*smǫglъ (of animals) *vornъ, *galъ |
| *čьrvenъ, *ryďь, *ruměnъ | *rudъ, *granivъ; *smědъ, (of animals) *gnědъ |
*žьltъ (of animals) *solvъ; *polvъ |
| *zelenъ | *zelenъ, *grěnъ | |
| *polvъ | *siňь; *modrъ | |
| *slivъ | *bagrъ |
Further reading[edit]
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “черный”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “черный”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 383
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čьrnъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 155
- https://slovari.yandex.ru/~книги/Этимологический%20словарь/Черный/
References[edit]
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čь̀rnъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 92: “adj. o (b) ‘black’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “čьrnъ čьrna čьrno”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b black (NA 125, 142; SA 108, 146, 172, 199; PR 136)”
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “čŕ̥nъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: National Ossoliński Institute, page 240
Categories:
- Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Slavic lemmas
- Proto-Slavic adjectives
- sla-pro:Colors
- Proto-Slavic terms with usage examples
- Proto-Slavic terms with collocations
- Proto-Slavic hard adjectives