Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dobrъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dabras, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ-ro-s, from *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“to fashion, fit”). Morphologically formed as *dòbъ +‎ *-rъ.

Cognate with Latin faber.

Adjective

*dòbrъ (comparative *lučьjь or *uňьjь)

1. good

   Antonym: *zъlъ

Declension

Accent paradigm b.

Indefinite declension of *dobrъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dobrъ	*dobra	*dobro
genitive	*dobra	*dobry	*dobra
dative	*dobru	*dobrě	*dobru
accusative	*dobrъ	*dobrǫ	*dobro
instrumental	*dobromь	*dobrojǫ	*dobromь
locative	*dobrě	*dobrě	*dobrě
vocative	*dobre	*dobro	*dobro
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dobra	*dobrě	*dobrě
genitive	*dobru	*dobru	*dobru
dative	*dobroma	*dobrama	*dobroma
accusative	*dobra	*dobrě	*dobrě
instrumental	*dobroma	*dobrama	*dobroma
locative	*dobru	*dobru	*dobru
vocative	*dobra	*dobrě	*dobrě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dobri	*dobry	*dobra
genitive	*dobrъ	*dobrъ	*dobrъ
dative	*dobromъ	*dobramъ	*dobromъ
accusative	*dobry	*dobry	*dobra
instrumental	*dobry	*dobrami	*dobry
locative	*dobrěxъ	*dobraxъ	*dobrěxъ
vocative	*dobri	*dobry	*dobra

Definite declension of *dobrъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dobrъjь	*dobraja	*dobroje
genitive	*dobrajego	*dobryję̇	*dobrajego
dative	*dobrujemu	*dobrěji	*dobrujemu
accusative	*dobrъjь	*dobrǫjǫ	*dobroje
instrumental	*dobryjimь	*dobrǫjǫ	*dobryjimь
locative	*dobrějemь	*dobrěji	*dobrějemь
vocative	*dobrъjь	*dobraja	*dobroje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dobraja	*dobrěji	*dobrěji
genitive	*dobruju	*dobruju	*dobruju
dative	*dobryjima	*dobryjima	*dobryjima
accusative	*dobraja	*dobrěji	*dobrěji
instrumental	*dobryjima	*dobryjima	*dobryjima
locative	*dobruju	*dobruju	*dobruju
vocative	*dobraja	*dobrěji	*dobrěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dobriji	*dobryję̇	*dobraja
genitive	*dobrъjixъ	*dobrъjixъ	*dobrъjixъ
dative	*dobryjimъ	*dobryjimъ	*dobryjimъ
accusative	*dobryję̇	*dobryję̇	*dobraja
instrumental	*dobryjimi	*dobryjimi	*dobryjimi
locative	*dobryjixъ	*dobryjixъ	*dobryjixъ
vocative	*dobriji	*dobryję̇	*dobraja

Derived terms

• *dobrovati (“to become better”)
• *dobriti (“to do well”)
  • *podobriti (“to improve, to do better”)
  • *odobriti (“to approve”)
• *dobrostь (“virtue”)
• *dobrota (“goodness, kindness”)
• *dobrina (“goodness, benevolence”)
• *dobryni (“excellence, welfare”)
• *dobrьcь (“measles”)
• *dobriťь (“good person”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: добръ (dobrŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: до́брый (dóbryj)
      • Belarusian: до́бры (dóbry)
      • Rusyn: до́брый (dóbrŷj)
      • Ukrainian: до́брий (dóbryj), добро́ (dobró)
    • Russian: до́брый (dóbryj), добро́ (dobró)
  • Old Novgorodian:

    Old Cyrillic script: добръ (dobrŭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⰴⱁⰱⱃⱏ (dobrŭ)

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: добръ (dobrŭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⰴⱁⰱⱃⱏ (dobrŭ)

  • Bulgarian: добъ́р (dobǎ́r)
  • Macedonian: до́бар (dóbar)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: до̏бар

    Latin script: dȍbar

  • Slovene: dọ́bər (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Kashubian: dobri
  • Old Czech: dobrý
    • Czech: dobrý
  • Old Polish: dobry
    • Polish: dobry
    • Silesian: dobry
  • Polabian: dübrĕ
  • Slovak: dobrý
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: dobry
    • Upper Sorbian: dobry

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dobrъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 45
• https://slovari.yandex.ru/~книги/Этимологический%20словарь/Добрый/
• Cheung, Derksen (accessed 2009), “Proto-Slavic form: dobrú”, in Indo-European Etymological Dictionary‎^[1], Brill Academic Publishers