Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čelověkъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

*čьlověkъ (unaccented *е reduced to *ь)
*člověkъ (unaccented *ь dropped)

Etymology

From Early Proto-Slavic *čeláwaj˙ku,^[1] from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kelawaikas, originally a compound meaning "child of a clan". The first part is from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kwel- (“crowd, people”), from *kʷel- (“to turn, roll > to travel, settle, cultivate; town”). Cognates include Sanskrit कुल (kula), Ancient Greek τέλος (télos), and Old English scolu. The latter part is akin to Lithuanian vai̇̃kas (“child”), Latvian vaiks (“boy”) and Old Prussian waix (“manservant”) (i.e. waiks, with x due to German orthography), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to overcome”).^[2]

Noun

*čelově̀kъ m^[3]^[2]

man, human

Declension

Declension of *čelově̀kъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*čelově̀kъ	*čelově̀ka	*čelově̀ci
genitive	*čelově̀ka	*čelově̀ku	*čelově̀kъ
dative	*čelově̀ku	*čelově̀koma	*čelově̀komъ
accusative	*čelově̀kъ	*čelově̀ka	*čelově̀ky
instrumental	čelově̀kъmь, čelově̀komь^*	*čelově̀koma	*čelově̀kȳ
locative	*čelově̀cě	*čelově̀ku	*čelově̀cě̄xъ
vocative	*čelově̀če	*čelově̀ka	*čelově̀ci

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*čьlověčьjь (“humane”)

Related terms

*čeľadь

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: человѣ́къ (čelově́kŭ), чловѣ́къ (člově́kŭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: чоловѣ́къ (čolově́k), چَولَووَقْ (čolovek)
    - Belarusian: чалаве́к (čalavjék)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: чолові́к (čolovík)
    - Ukrainian: чолові́к (čolovík, “man, husband”)
  - Russian: челове́к (čelovék)
  - → Latgalian: cylvāks
  - → Latvian: cìlvȩ̃ks
  - → Latvian: cilēks (kursenieki)
- Old Novgorodian: целовѣке (cʹjelověke), целовике (cʹjelovike), цоловѣке (cʹolověke)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: чловѣкъ (člověkŭ)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱍⰾⱁⰲⱑⰽⱏ (člověkŭ)
- Bulgarian: чове́к (čovék), (pre-1945 spelling) човѣкъ (čověk), (dated, literary) челове́к (čelovék)
- Macedonian: чо́век (čóvek)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: чо̀век, чо̀вјек
  
  Latin: čòvek, čòvjek
- Slovene: člóvek (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: člověk, čłověk (alternative writing)
  - Czech: člověk
- Old Polish: człowiek
  - Polish: człowiek, czowiek (Chełmno-Dobrzyń), czojek (Central Greater Poland, Kościan), człojek (Suwałki), cłojek (Far Masovian, Przasnysz, Łowicz, Domaniewice), cłowiek (Western Kraków, Bukowno)
  - Silesian: czowiek, człowiek
- Polabian: clåvăk
- Old Slovak: človek
  - Pannonian Rusyn: чловек (človek)
  - Slovak: človek
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: człowiek
  - Slovincian: czlôwjek
- Sorbianː
  - Upper Sorbian: čłowjek
  - Lower Sorbian: cłowjek

References

^ Klotz, Emanuel (2017), “*čeláwaj˙ku”, in Urslawisches Wörterbuch [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in German), 1st edition, Wien: Facultas, →ISBN, page 80
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čelověkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 80: “m. o ‘man’”
^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čelověkъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 48

[1] Klotz, Emanuel (2017), “*čeláwaj˙ku”, in Urslawisches Wörterbuch [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in German), 1st edition, Wien: Facultas, →ISBN, page 80

[EDSIL-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čelověkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 80: “m. o ‘man’”

[3] Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čelověkъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 48

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