कृष्ण

See also: क्षण

Hindi

Hindi Wikipedia has an article on:

कृष्ण

Wikipedia ^hi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa). Doublet of कान्हा (kānhā) and किशन (kiśan).

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /kɾɪʃnᵊ/, /kɾɪʂɳᵊ/, [kɾɪʃɳᵊ], /kɾɪ.ʂəɳ/, [kɾɪ.ʃɐ̃ɳ]

Adjective

कृष्ण • (kŕṣṇa) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling کرشن)

(uncommon) black, dark, dark blue
Synonyms: काला (kālā), श्यामल (śyāmal), अंधेरा (andherā)

Antonyms: शुक्ल (śukla), श्वेत (śvet)

Proper noun

कृष्ण • (kŕṣṇa) m (Urdu spelling کرشن)

(Hinduism) Shri Krishna, the eighth avatar of Lord Vishnu
Synonyms: see Thesaurus:कृष्ण

भगवान कृष्ण ने कुरुक्षेत्र की रणभूमि में अर्जुन को गीता का उपदेश दिया।
bhagvān kŕṣṇa ne kurukṣetra kī raṇbhūmi mẽ arjun ko gītā kā updeś diyā.
Lord Krishna gave the teachings of the Gita to Arjuna on the battlefield of Kurukshetra.
a male given name, Krishna, from Sanskrit
Krishna (a river in India)

Declension

Declension of *कृष्ण* (sg-only masc cons-stem)
	singular
direct	कृष्ण kŕṣṇa
oblique	कृष्ण kŕṣṇa
vocative	कृष्ण kŕṣṇa

References

Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “कृष्ण”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 1031
Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “कृष्ण”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 144
McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “कृष्ण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 212

Marathi

Marathi Wikipedia has an article on:

कृष्ण

Wikipedia ^mr

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa). Doublet of कान्हा (kānhā) and कान्हू (kānhū).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kɾuʂ.ɳə/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: कृष्‧ण
Rhymes: -ə

Adjective

कृष्ण • (kruṣṇa) (indeclinable)

(formal, uncommon) black
Synonym: काळा (kāḷā)

Proper noun

कृष्ण • (kruṣṇa) m

(Hinduism) Krishna, the eighth avatar of Lord Vishnu
Synonyms: केशव (keśav), माधव (mādhav), गोविंद (govinda), वासुदेव (vāsudev)
a male given name from Sanskrit

Declension

Declension of **कृष्ण** (masc cons-stem)
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	कृष्ण kruṣṇa	कृष्ण kruṣṇa
oblique सामान्यरूप	कृष्णा kruṣṇā	कृष्णां- kruṣṇā̃-
accusative / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	कृष्णाला kruṣṇālā	कृष्णांना kruṣṇānnā
ergative	कृष्णाने, कृष्णानं kruṣṇāne, kruṣṇāna	कृष्णांनी kruṣṇānnī
instrumental	कृष्णाशी kruṣṇāśī	कृष्णांशी kruṣṇāuśī
locative सप्तमी	कृष्णात kruṣṇāt	कृष्णांत kruṣṇānta
vocative संबोधन	कृष्णा kruṣṇā	कृष्णांनो kruṣṇānno

Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of **कृष्ण** (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	कृष्णाचा kruṣṇācā	कृष्णाचे kruṣṇāce	कृष्णाची kruṣṇācī	कृष्णाच्या kruṣṇācyā	कृष्णाचे, कृष्णाचं kruṣṇāce, kruṣṇāca	कृष्णाची kruṣṇācī	कृष्णाच्या kruṣṇācyā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	कृष्णांचा kruṣṇāñcā	कृष्णांचे kruṣṇāñce	कृष्णांची kruṣṇāñcī	कृष्णांच्या kruṣṇāñcyā	कृष्णांचे, कृष्णांचं kruṣṇāñce, kruṣṇāñca	कृष्णांची kruṣṇāñcī	कृष्णांच्या kruṣṇāñcyā

^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a).
Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “कृष्ण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “कृष्ण”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Sanskrit

Sanskrit Wikipedia has an article on:

कृष्ण

Wikipedia ^sa

Alternative scripts

কৃষ্ণ (Assamese script)
ᬓᬺᬱ᭄ᬡ (Balinese script)
কৃষ্ণ (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰴𑰬𑰿𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑀾𑀱𑁆𑀡 (Brahmi script)
ကၖၑ္ဏ (Burmese script)
કૃષ્ણ (Gujarati script)
ਕ੍ਰਸ਼੍ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑍃𑌷𑍍𑌣 (Grantha script)
ꦏꦽꦰ꧀ꦟ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑃂𑂭𑂹𑂝 (Kaithi script)
ಕೃಷ್ಣ (Kannada script)
ក្ឫឞ្ណ (Khmer script)
ກ຺ຣິຩ຺ຓ (Lao script)
കൃഷ്ണ (Malayalam script)
ᡬᡵᡳᢢᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘵𑘬𑘿𑘜 (Modi script)
ᢉᠷᠢᢔᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑧖𑧌𑧠𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑐺𑐲𑑂𑐞 (Newa script)
କୃଷ୍ଣ (Odia script)
ꢒꢺꢰ꣄ꢠ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑆸𑆰𑇀𑆟 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖴𑖬𑖿𑖜 (Siddham script)
කෘෂ‍්ණ (Sinhalese script)
𑩜𑩙𑪀 𑪙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚶𑚘 (Takri script)
க்ரிஷ்ண (Tamil script)
కృష్ణ (Telugu script)
กฺฤษฺณ (Thai script)
ཀྲྀ་ཥྞ (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑒵𑒭𑓂𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑨼𑨉𑨯𑩇𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-

Proto-Indo-European *kers-

Proto-Indo-European *-nós

Proto-Indo-European *kr̥snós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥šnás

Sanskrit कृष्ण

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥šnás (“black”), from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥snós (“black”).

Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čьrnъ (whence Old Church Slavonic чрънъ (črŭnŭ, “black”) (Glagolitic spelling ⱍⱃⱏⱀⱏ (črŭnŭ)), Russian чёрный (čórnyj), Bulgarian черен (čeren), Macedonian црн (crn), Czech černý, Polish czarny, Slovak čierny), Old Prussian kirsnan (“black”), Lithuanian kir̃snas.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kr̩ʂ.ɳɐ́/, /kŕ̩ʂ.ɳɐ/

(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /kr̩ʂ.ɳɐ/

Adjective

कृ॒ष्ण • (kṛṣṇá) stem

black, dark, dark-blue
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.35.2:
  आ कृ॒ष्णेन॒ रज॑सा॒ वर्त॑मानो निवे॒शय॑न्न॒मृतं॒ मर्त्यं॑ च ।
  हि॒र॒ण्यये॑न सवि॒ता रथे॒ना दे॒वो या॑ति॒ भुव॑नानि॒ पश्य॑न् ॥
  ā́ kṛṣṇéna rájasā vártamāno niveśáyannamṛ́taṃ mártyaṃ ca.
  hiraṇyáyena savitā́ ráthenā́ devó yāti bhúvanāni páśyan.
  Revolving through the darkened firmament, arousing mortal and immortal, the divine Savitā travels in his golden chariot, beholding the (several) worlds.
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.20.9:
  कृ॒ष्णः श्वे॒तो॑ऽरु॒षो यामो॑ अस्य ब्र॒ध्न ऋ॒ज्र उ॒त शोणो॒ यश॑स्वान् ।
  kṛṣṇáḥ śvetòʼruṣó yā́mo asya bradhná ṛjrá utá śóṇo yáśasvān.
  His chariot is black, white, red, tawny, dark red, crimson, and glorious; the progenitor of all has given him a chariot of gold.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कृ॒ष्ण
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	कृ॒ष्णः (kṛṣṇáḥ)	कृ॒ष्णौ (kṛṣṇáu) कृ॒ष्णा¹ (kṛṣṇā́¹)	कृ॒ष्णाः (kṛṣṇā́ḥ) कृ॒ष्णासः॑¹ (kṛṣṇā́saḥ¹)
accusative	कृ॒ष्णम् (kṛṣṇám)	कृ॒ष्णौ (kṛṣṇáu) कृ॒ष्णा¹ (kṛṣṇā́¹)	कृ॒ष्णान् (kṛṣṇā́n)
instrumental	कृ॒ष्णेन॑ (kṛṣṇéna)	कृ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (kṛṣṇā́bhyām)	कृ॒ष्णैः (kṛṣṇáiḥ) कृ॒ष्णेभिः॑¹ (kṛṣṇébhiḥ¹)
dative	कृ॒ष्णाय॑ (kṛṣṇā́ya)	कृ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (kṛṣṇā́bhyām)	कृ॒ष्णेभ्यः॑ (kṛṣṇébhyaḥ)
ablative	कृ॒ष्णात् (kṛṣṇā́t)	कृ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (kṛṣṇā́bhyām)	कृ॒ष्णेभ्यः॑ (kṛṣṇébhyaḥ)
genitive	कृ॒ष्णस्य॑ (kṛṣṇásya)	कृ॒ष्णयोः॑ (kṛṣṇáyoḥ)	कृ॒ष्णाना॑म् (kṛṣṇā́nām)
locative	कृ॒ष्णे (kṛṣṇé)	कृ॒ष्णयोः॑ (kṛṣṇáyoḥ)	कृ॒ष्णेषु॑ (kṛṣṇéṣu)
vocative	कृष्ण॑ (kṛ́ṣṇa)	कृष्णौ॑ (kṛ́ṣṇau) कृष्णा॑¹ (kṛ́ṣṇā¹)	कृष्णाः॑ (kṛ́ṣṇāḥ) कृष्णा॑सः¹ (kṛ́ṣṇāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of कृ॒ष्णा
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	कृ॒ष्णा (kṛṣṇā́)	कृ॒ष्णे (kṛṣṇé)	कृ॒ष्णाः (kṛṣṇā́ḥ)
accusative	कृ॒ष्णाम् (kṛṣṇā́m)	कृ॒ष्णे (kṛṣṇé)	कृ॒ष्णाः (kṛṣṇā́ḥ)
instrumental	कृ॒ष्णया॑ (kṛṣṇáyā) कृ॒ष्णा¹ (kṛṣṇā́¹)	कृ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (kṛṣṇā́bhyām)	कृ॒ष्णाभिः॑ (kṛṣṇā́bhiḥ)
dative	कृ॒ष्णायै॑ (kṛṣṇā́yai)	कृ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (kṛṣṇā́bhyām)	कृ॒ष्णाभ्यः॑ (kṛṣṇā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	कृ॒ष्णायाः॑ (kṛṣṇā́yāḥ) कृ॒ष्णायै॑² (kṛṣṇā́yai²)	कृ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (kṛṣṇā́bhyām)	कृ॒ष्णाभ्यः॑ (kṛṣṇā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	कृ॒ष्णायाः॑ (kṛṣṇā́yāḥ) कृ॒ष्णायै॑² (kṛṣṇā́yai²)	कृ॒ष्णयोः॑ (kṛṣṇáyoḥ)	कृ॒ष्णाना॑म् (kṛṣṇā́nām)
locative	कृ॒ष्णाया॑म् (kṛṣṇā́yām)	कृ॒ष्णयोः॑ (kṛṣṇáyoḥ)	कृ॒ष्णासु॑ (kṛṣṇā́su)
vocative	कृष्णे॑ (kṛ́ṣṇe)	कृष्णे॑ (kṛ́ṣṇe)	कृष्णाः॑ (kṛ́ṣṇāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of कृ॒ष्ण
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	कृ॒ष्णम् (kṛṣṇám)	कृ॒ष्णे (kṛṣṇé)	कृ॒ष्णानि॑ (kṛṣṇā́ni) कृ॒ष्णा¹ (kṛṣṇā́¹)
accusative	कृ॒ष्णम् (kṛṣṇám)	कृ॒ष्णे (kṛṣṇé)	कृ॒ष्णानि॑ (kṛṣṇā́ni) कृ॒ष्णा¹ (kṛṣṇā́¹)
instrumental	कृ॒ष्णेन॑ (kṛṣṇéna)	कृ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (kṛṣṇā́bhyām)	कृ॒ष्णैः (kṛṣṇáiḥ) कृ॒ष्णेभिः॑¹ (kṛṣṇébhiḥ¹)
dative	कृ॒ष्णाय॑ (kṛṣṇā́ya)	कृ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (kṛṣṇā́bhyām)	कृ॒ष्णेभ्यः॑ (kṛṣṇébhyaḥ)
ablative	कृ॒ष्णात् (kṛṣṇā́t)	कृ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (kṛṣṇā́bhyām)	कृ॒ष्णेभ्यः॑ (kṛṣṇébhyaḥ)
genitive	कृ॒ष्णस्य॑ (kṛṣṇásya)	कृ॒ष्णयोः॑ (kṛṣṇáyoḥ)	कृ॒ष्णाना॑म् (kṛṣṇā́nām)
locative	कृ॒ष्णे (kṛṣṇé)	कृ॒ष्णयोः॑ (kṛṣṇáyoḥ)	कृ॒ष्णेषु॑ (kṛṣṇéṣu)
vocative	कृष्ण॑ (kṛ́ṣṇa)	कृष्णे॑ (kṛ́ṣṇe)	कृष्णा॑नि (kṛ́ṣṇāni) कृष्णा॑¹ (kṛ́ṣṇā¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Chitrali:
  - Kalasha: kríṣna
- Kashmiric:
  - Old Kashmiri: *kriṣ̌anu
    - Kashmiri:
      Arabic script: کرُٛہُن (kruhun), کرٕٛہُن (krụhun), کرِٛشُن (kriśun) — Kishtwari
      
      Devanagari script: क्रुहुन (kruhun), क्रॖहुन (krụhun), क्रिशुन (kriśun) — Kishtwari
      - Pogali: کرِٛہنُہ (krihnu)
- Kohistani:
  - Kalami: كِشِنْ (kiṣin)
  - Tirahi: kə́gən
  - Torwali: کیِݜن (kiṣan)
- Kunar:
  - Dameli: [script needed] (krināˊ)
- Shinaic:
  - Dangari:
    - Palula: kiṣíṇu
    - Savi: kṣenī
  - Kohistani Shina: kiṇŭ
Gandhari: 𐨐𐨁𐨮𐨸 (kiṣ̄a)
Pali: kaṇha, kiṇha
- → Sinhalese: කිණු (kiṇu)
Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀳 (kaṇha)
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
  - Kachchi: 𑊺𑋡𑋑𑋪𑋑𑋧 (kinno)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  - Northern Hindko: کِنَّاں (kìnnā̃)
  - Sindhi:
    Khudabadi script: 𑊺𑋡𑋑𑋣 (kinu)
    Devanagari script: किनु (kinu)
    Arabic script: ڪِنُ (kinu)
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
  - Marathi: कान्ही (kānhī)
→ Malayalam: കൃഷ്ണ (kr̥ṣṇa)
→ Tamil: கிருட்டிணம் (kiruṭṭiṇam)
→ Sinhalese: කෘෂ්ණ (kr̥ṣṇa)

Proper noun

कृष्ण • (kṛṣṇa) stem, m

(Vedic religion) one of the poets of the Rigveda (descended from Aṅgiras)
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.85.3:
  अयं वां कृष्णो अश्विना हवते वाजिनीवसू । मध्वः सोमस्य पीतये ॥
  ayaṃ vāṃ kṛṣṇo aśvinā havate vājinīvasū. madhvaḥ somasya pītaye.
  1896 translation by Ralph T. H. Griffith
  Here Kṛṣṇa is invoking you, O Aśvins, Lords of ample wealth.
  To drink the savoury Soma juice.
one of the demons slain by Indra.
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.101.1:
  प्र मन्दिने पितुमदर्चता वचो यः कृष्णगर्भा निरहन्नृजिश्वना ।
  अवस्यवो वृषणं वज्रदक्षिणं मरुत्वन्तं सख्याय हवामहे ॥
  pra mandine pitumadarcatā vaco yaḥ kṛṣṇagarbhā nirahannṛjiśvanā.
  avasyavo vṛṣaṇaṃ vajradakṣiṇaṃ marutvantaṃ sakhyāya havāmahe.
  1866 translation by H. H. Wilson
  Offer adoration with oblations to him who is delighted (with praise), who, with Ṛjiśvan, destroyed the pregnant wives of Kṛṣṇa;
  desirous of protection, we invoke, to become our friend, him, who is the showerer (of benefits), who holds the thunderbolt in his right hand, attended by the Maruts.
(Hinduism) Krishna, the name of a celebrated Avatar of Vishnu
- c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā Chapter XVIII.78:
  यत्र योगेश्वरः कृष्णो यत्र पार्थो धनुर्धरः ।
  तत्र श्रीर् विजयो भूतिर् ध्रुवा नीतिर् मतिर् मम ॥
  yatra yogeśvaraḥ kṛṣṇo yatra pārtho dhanurdharaḥ.
  tatra śrīr vijayo bhūtir dhruvā nītir matir mama.
  [Saṃjaya said:] "Wherever there is Kṛṣṇa, the Lord of Yoga, and wherever there is Arjuna, the supreme archer, there will also certainly be unending opulence, victory, prosperity, and righteousness. This is my opinion".
(in the dual) Krishna and Arjuna

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कृष्ण
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ)	कृष्णौ (kṛṣṇau) कृष्णा¹ (kṛṣṇā¹)	कृष्णाः (kṛṣṇāḥ) कृष्णासः¹ (kṛṣṇāsaḥ¹)
accusative	कृष्णम् (kṛṣṇam)	कृष्णौ (kṛṣṇau) कृष्णा¹ (kṛṣṇā¹)	कृष्णान् (kṛṣṇān)
instrumental	कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena)	कृष्णाभ्याम् (kṛṣṇābhyām)	कृष्णैः (kṛṣṇaiḥ) कृष्णेभिः¹ (kṛṣṇebhiḥ¹)
dative	कृष्णाय (kṛṣṇāya)	कृष्णाभ्याम् (kṛṣṇābhyām)	कृष्णेभ्यः (kṛṣṇebhyaḥ)
ablative	कृष्णात् (kṛṣṇāt)	कृष्णाभ्याम् (kṛṣṇābhyām)	कृष्णेभ्यः (kṛṣṇebhyaḥ)
genitive	कृष्णस्य (kṛṣṇasya)	कृष्णयोः (kṛṣṇayoḥ)	कृष्णानाम् (kṛṣṇānām)
locative	कृष्णे (kṛṣṇe)	कृष्णयोः (kṛṣṇayoḥ)	कृष्णेषु (kṛṣṇeṣu)
vocative	कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa)	कृष्णौ (kṛṣṇau) कृष्णा¹ (kṛṣṇā¹)	कृष्णाः (kṛṣṇāḥ) कृष्णासः¹ (kṛṣṇāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀳 (kaṇha)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
  - Awadhi: कंधैया (kandhaiyā)
  - Hindustani:
    - Hindi: कान्ह (kānha), कान्हा (kānhā), ⇒ कन्हैया (kanhaiyā)
    - Urdu: ⇒ کَنْہَیَّا (kanhayyā)
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  - Bengali-Assamese:
    - Assamese: কানু (kanu), ⇒ কানাই (kanai)
    - Bengali: কান (kan), কানো (kanō), কানু (kanu), ⇒ কানাই (kanai)
    - Sylheti: ⇒ ꠇꠣꠘꠣꠁ (xanai)
  - Bihari:
    - Bhojpuri: 𑂍𑂰𑂢𑂹𑂯𑂰 (kānhā)
    - Maithili: 𑒏𑒰𑒢𑓂𑒯 (kānha)
  - Odia: କାନ୍ହ (kānha)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  - Punjabi: ਕਾਨ੍ਹ / کانھ (kānh), ਕਾਨ੍ਹਾ / کانھا (kānhā)
  - Sindhi: ڪانُ / कानु / 𑊺𑋠𑋑𑋧 (kānu)
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
  - Marathi: कान्हू (kānhū), कान्हा (kānhā)
- Western Indo-Aryan:
  - Gujarati: કાનો (kāno), ⇒ કાનુડો (kānuḍo)
→ Bengali: কেষ্ট (keśṭo) (semi-learned)
→ Bengali: কৃষ্ণ (kriśno) (learned)
→ English: Krishna
→ Gujarati: કૃષ્ણ (kŕṣṇ)
→ Hindi: किषन (kiṣan), किशन (kiśan) (semi-learned)
→ Hindi: कृष्ण (kŕṣṇa), कृष्णा (kŕṣṇā) (learned)
→ Kannada: ಕೃಷ್ಣ (kṛṣṇa)
→ Odia: କୃଷ୍ଣ (kruṣṇa)
→ Malayalam: കൃഷ്ണ (kr̥ṣṇa)
→ Marathi: कृष्ण (kruṣṇa)
→ Tamil: கிருட்டிணன் (kiruṭṭiṇaṉ), கிருஷ்ணன் (kiruṣṇaṉ) (nonstandard), கிருஷ்ணா (kiruṣṇā)
→ Telugu: కృష్ణ (kr̥ṣṇa), కృష్ణుడు (kr̥ṣṇuḍu)
→ Sinhalese: කෘෂ්ණ (kr̥ṣṇa)

Noun

कृष्ण॑ • (kṛ́ṣṇa) stem, m

black (the colour) or dark-blue

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कृष्ण॑
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	कृष्णः॑ (kṛ́ṣṇaḥ)	कृष्णौ॑ (kṛ́ṣṇau) कृष्णा॑¹ (kṛ́ṣṇā¹)	कृष्णाः॑ (kṛ́ṣṇāḥ) कृष्णा॑सः¹ (kṛ́ṣṇāsaḥ¹)
accusative	कृष्ण॑म् (kṛ́ṣṇam)	कृष्णौ॑ (kṛ́ṣṇau) कृष्णा॑¹ (kṛ́ṣṇā¹)	कृष्णा॑न् (kṛ́ṣṇān)
instrumental	कृष्णे॑न (kṛ́ṣṇena)	कृष्णा॑भ्याम् (kṛ́ṣṇābhyām)	कृष्णैः॑ (kṛ́ṣṇaiḥ) कृष्णे॑भिः¹ (kṛ́ṣṇebhiḥ¹)
dative	कृष्णा॑य (kṛ́ṣṇāya)	कृष्णा॑भ्याम् (kṛ́ṣṇābhyām)	कृष्णे॑भ्यः (kṛ́ṣṇebhyaḥ)
ablative	कृष्णा॑त् (kṛ́ṣṇāt)	कृष्णा॑भ्याम् (kṛ́ṣṇābhyām)	कृष्णे॑भ्यः (kṛ́ṣṇebhyaḥ)
genitive	कृष्ण॑स्य (kṛ́ṣṇasya)	कृष्ण॑योः (kṛ́ṣṇayoḥ)	कृष्णा॑नाम् (kṛ́ṣṇānām)
locative	कृष्णे॑ (kṛ́ṣṇe)	कृष्ण॑योः (kṛ́ṣṇayoḥ)	कृष्णे॑षु (kṛ́ṣṇeṣu)
vocative	कृष्ण॑ (kṛ́ṣṇa)	कृष्णौ॑ (kṛ́ṣṇau) कृष्णा॑¹ (kṛ́ṣṇā¹)	कृष्णाः॑ (kṛ́ṣṇāḥ) कृष्णा॑सः¹ (kṛ́ṣṇāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Noun

कृष्ण॑ or कृ॒ष्ण • (kṛ́ṣṇa or kṛṣṇá) stem, m

waning period of the lunar phase from full moon to new moon
the fourth or कलियुग (kali-yuga)
an antelope
a kind of animal feeding on carrion
the black part of the eye
the black spots in the moon
a kind of demon or spirit of darkness
black pepper (Piper nigrum)
black aloe (Aquilaria malaccensis, syns. Aquilaria agallocha, Agallochum malaccense)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कृष्ण॑
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	कृष्णः॑ (kṛ́ṣṇaḥ)	कृष्णौ॑ (kṛ́ṣṇau) कृष्णा॑¹ (kṛ́ṣṇā¹)	कृष्णाः॑ (kṛ́ṣṇāḥ) कृष्णा॑सः¹ (kṛ́ṣṇāsaḥ¹)
accusative	कृष्ण॑म् (kṛ́ṣṇam)	कृष्णौ॑ (kṛ́ṣṇau) कृष्णा॑¹ (kṛ́ṣṇā¹)	कृष्णा॑न् (kṛ́ṣṇān)
instrumental	कृष्णे॑न (kṛ́ṣṇena)	कृष्णा॑भ्याम् (kṛ́ṣṇābhyām)	कृष्णैः॑ (kṛ́ṣṇaiḥ) कृष्णे॑भिः¹ (kṛ́ṣṇebhiḥ¹)
dative	कृष्णा॑य (kṛ́ṣṇāya)	कृष्णा॑भ्याम् (kṛ́ṣṇābhyām)	कृष्णे॑भ्यः (kṛ́ṣṇebhyaḥ)
ablative	कृष्णा॑त् (kṛ́ṣṇāt)	कृष्णा॑भ्याम् (kṛ́ṣṇābhyām)	कृष्णे॑भ्यः (kṛ́ṣṇebhyaḥ)
genitive	कृष्ण॑स्य (kṛ́ṣṇasya)	कृष्ण॑योः (kṛ́ṣṇayoḥ)	कृष्णा॑नाम् (kṛ́ṣṇānām)
locative	कृष्णे॑ (kṛ́ṣṇe)	कृष्ण॑योः (kṛ́ṣṇayoḥ)	कृष्णे॑षु (kṛ́ṣṇeṣu)
vocative	कृष्ण॑ (kṛ́ṣṇa)	कृष्णौ॑ (kṛ́ṣṇau) कृष्णा॑¹ (kṛ́ṣṇā¹)	कृष्णाः॑ (kṛ́ṣṇāḥ) कृष्णा॑सः¹ (kṛ́ṣṇāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Masculine a-stem declension of कृ॒ष्ण
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	कृ॒ष्णः (kṛṣṇáḥ)	कृ॒ष्णौ (kṛṣṇáu) कृ॒ष्णा¹ (kṛṣṇā́¹)	कृ॒ष्णाः (kṛṣṇā́ḥ) कृ॒ष्णासः॑¹ (kṛṣṇā́saḥ¹)
accusative	कृ॒ष्णम् (kṛṣṇám)	कृ॒ष्णौ (kṛṣṇáu) कृ॒ष्णा¹ (kṛṣṇā́¹)	कृ॒ष्णान् (kṛṣṇā́n)
instrumental	कृ॒ष्णेन॑ (kṛṣṇéna)	कृ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (kṛṣṇā́bhyām)	कृ॒ष्णैः (kṛṣṇáiḥ) कृ॒ष्णेभिः॑¹ (kṛṣṇébhiḥ¹)
dative	कृ॒ष्णाय॑ (kṛṣṇā́ya)	कृ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (kṛṣṇā́bhyām)	कृ॒ष्णेभ्यः॑ (kṛṣṇébhyaḥ)
ablative	कृ॒ष्णात् (kṛṣṇā́t)	कृ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (kṛṣṇā́bhyām)	कृ॒ष्णेभ्यः॑ (kṛṣṇébhyaḥ)
genitive	कृ॒ष्णस्य॑ (kṛṣṇásya)	कृ॒ष्णयोः॑ (kṛṣṇáyoḥ)	कृ॒ष्णाना॑म् (kṛṣṇā́nām)
locative	कृ॒ष्णे (kṛṣṇé)	कृ॒ष्णयोः॑ (kṛṣṇáyoḥ)	कृ॒ष्णेषु॑ (kṛṣṇéṣu)
vocative	कृष्ण॑ (kṛ́ṣṇa)	कृष्णौ॑ (kṛ́ṣṇau) कृष्णा॑¹ (kṛ́ṣṇā¹)	कृष्णाः॑ (kṛ́ṣṇāḥ) कृष्णा॑सः¹ (kṛ́ṣṇāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

कार्ष्ण॑ (kā́rṣṇa)

Noun

कृ॒ष्ण • (kṛṣṇá) stem, n

blackness, darkness

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of कृ॒ष्ण
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	कृ॒ष्णम् (kṛṣṇám)	कृ॒ष्णे (kṛṣṇé)	कृ॒ष्णानि॑ (kṛṣṇā́ni) कृ॒ष्णा¹ (kṛṣṇā́¹)
accusative	कृ॒ष्णम् (kṛṣṇám)	कृ॒ष्णे (kṛṣṇé)	कृ॒ष्णानि॑ (kṛṣṇā́ni) कृ॒ष्णा¹ (kṛṣṇā́¹)
instrumental	कृ॒ष्णेन॑ (kṛṣṇéna)	कृ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (kṛṣṇā́bhyām)	कृ॒ष्णैः (kṛṣṇáiḥ) कृ॒ष्णेभिः॑¹ (kṛṣṇébhiḥ¹)
dative	कृ॒ष्णाय॑ (kṛṣṇā́ya)	कृ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (kṛṣṇā́bhyām)	कृ॒ष्णेभ्यः॑ (kṛṣṇébhyaḥ)
ablative	कृ॒ष्णात् (kṛṣṇā́t)	कृ॒ष्णाभ्या॑म् (kṛṣṇā́bhyām)	कृ॒ष्णेभ्यः॑ (kṛṣṇébhyaḥ)
genitive	कृ॒ष्णस्य॑ (kṛṣṇásya)	कृ॒ष्णयोः॑ (kṛṣṇáyoḥ)	कृ॒ष्णाना॑म् (kṛṣṇā́nām)
locative	कृ॒ष्णे (kṛṣṇé)	कृ॒ष्णयोः॑ (kṛṣṇáyoḥ)	कृ॒ष्णेषु॑ (kṛṣṇéṣu)
vocative	कृष्ण॑ (kṛ́ṣṇa)	कृष्णे॑ (kṛ́ṣṇe)	कृष्णा॑नि (kṛ́ṣṇāni) कृष्णा॑¹ (kṛ́ṣṇā¹)

¹Vedic

References

Monier Williams (1899), “कृष्ण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 306, columns 2-3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 397-8