قدام: difference between revisions

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→‎Arabic: This pattern (fuʕʕāl, as well as fuʕāl) is an augmentative morpheme type in Ar. with corresponding figurative meanings (organism names e.g. قلام, ملاح, diseases like خراج, the present item as a noun allegedly “prince” which also accords), so if even سوف is an Arc. borrowing, this invites itself even more, hardly appearing as one of the original (West-)Semitic prepositions in the first place. See also ليس theories, borrowed synsemantics seem not outrageous nowaday
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==Arabic==
==Arabic==

===Etymology===
{{ar-rootbox|ق د م}}
From {{bor|ar|arc|𐡒𐡃𐡌|tr=qd̠ām, qŭd̠ām}} / {{m|arc|קֳדָם|tr=qŏḏām}} / {{m|arc|ܩܘܕܡ}} / {{m|syc|ܩܕܵܡ‏|tr=qəḏām}}. Compare {{m|ar|سَوْفَ|pos=marks what is temporally in front}}, and native {{m|ar|أَمَامَ|t=in front of}}.


===Preposition===
===Preposition===
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# [[in front of]], in the [[presence]] of, [[before]]
# [[in front of]], in the [[presence]] of, [[before]]
#* {{RQ:Sunna|bukhari|13|21|passage=النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ تُرْكَزُ الْحَرْبَةُ '''قُدَّامَ'''هُ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ وَٱلنَّحْرِ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي‏.‏|t=The Prophet (PBUH), on the Feast of Fastbreaking as well as the one of Sacrifice, had a spear fastened '''in front of''' him, afterwards prayed.|subst='''قُدَّامَ'''هُ/'''قُدَّامَ'''هُو}}
#* {{quote-book|1=ar|author=[[w:Al-Jāḥiẓ|Al-Jāḥiẓ]]|quotee=[[w:ar:ثمامة بن الأشرس|Thumāma ibn Ashras]]|chapter=طرف أهل خراسان|trans-chapter=|editor=Muḥammad Fatḥī ʾAbū Bakr|title=Al-Buḵalāʾ|trans-title=|edition=fifth|genre=|publisher=[[w:en:Egyptian-Lebanese Publishing House| Egyptian-Lebanese Publishing House]]|year=a. 869|year_published=2021|isbn=978-977-795-035-0|page=65|passage=وَقَالَ ثُمَامَةُ: لَمْ أَرَ الدِّيكَ فِي بَلْدَةٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا وَهُوَ لَافِظٌ، يَأْخُذُ الْحَبَّةَ بِمِنْقَارِهِ ثُمَّ يَلْفِظُهَا '''قُدَّامَ''' الدَّجَاجَةِ، إِلَّا دِيَكَةَ مَرْوٍ، فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ دِيَكَةَ مَرْوٍ تَسْلُبُ الدَّجَاجَ مَا فِي مَنَاقِيرِهَا مِنَ الْحَبِّ.}}
#* {{quote-book|1=ar|author=[[w:Al-Jāḥiẓ|Al-Jāḥiẓ]]|quotee=[[w:ar:ثمامة بن الأشرس|Thumāma ibn Ashras]]|chapter=طرف أهل خراسان|trans-chapter=|editor=Muḥammad Fatḥī ʾAbū Bakr|title=Al-Buḵalāʾ|trans-title=|edition=fifth|genre=|publisher=[[w:en:Egyptian-Lebanese Publishing House| Egyptian-Lebanese Publishing House]]|year=a. 869|year_published=2021|isbn=978-977-795-035-0|page=65|passage=وَقَالَ ثُمَامَةُ: لَمْ أَرَ الدِّيكَ فِي بَلْدَةٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا وَهُوَ لَافِظٌ، يَأْخُذُ الْحَبَّةَ بِمِنْقَارِهِ ثُمَّ يَلْفِظُهَا '''قُدَّامَ''' الدَّجَاجَةِ، إِلَّا دِيَكَةَ مَرْوٍ، فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ دِيَكَةَ مَرْوٍ تَسْلُبُ الدَّجَاجَ مَا فِي مَنَاقِيرِهَا مِنَ الْحَبِّ.}}
#* {{quote-book|ar|author=Al-Mutanabbi|year=10th century}}
#* {{quote-book|ar|author=Al-Mutanabbi|year=10th century}}
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# {{masculine plural of|ar|قَادِم}}
# {{masculine plural of|ar|قَادِم}}

[[Category:Arabic terms belonging to the root ق د م]]


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Revision as of 22:09, 1 January 2023

Arabic

Etymology

Root
ق د م (q d m)
14 terms

From Aramaic 𐡒𐡃𐡌 (qd̠ām, qŭd̠ām) / קֳדָם (qŏḏām) / ܩܘܕܡ / ܩܕܵܡ‏ (qəḏām). Compare سَوْفَ (sawfa, marks what is temporally in front), and native أَمَامَ (ʔamāma, “in front of”).

Preposition

قُدَّامَ • (quddāma)

  1. in front of, in the presence of, before
    • 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Buḵāriyy, 13:21:
      النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ تُرْكَزُ الْحَرْبَةُ قُدَّامَهُ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ وَٱلنَّحْرِ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي‏.‏
      an-nabiyyu ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wasallama kāna turkazu l-ḥarbatu quddāmahū yawma l-fiṭri wan-naḥri ṯumma yuṣallī.
      The Prophet (PBUH), on the Feast of Fastbreaking as well as the one of Sacrifice, had a spear fastened in front of him, afterwards prayed.
    • a. 869, Al-Jāḥiẓ, quoting Thumāma ibn Ashras, “طرف أهل خراسان”, in Muḥammad Fatḥī ʾAbū Bakr, editor, Al-Buḵalāʾ, fifth edition, Egyptian-Lebanese Publishing House, published 2021, →ISBN, page 65:
      وَقَالَ ثُمَامَةُ: لَمْ أَرَ الدِّيكَ فِي بَلْدَةٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا وَهُوَ لَافِظٌ، يَأْخُذُ الْحَبَّةَ بِمِنْقَارِهِ ثُمَّ يَلْفِظُهَا قُدَّامَ الدَّجَاجَةِ، إِلَّا دِيَكَةَ مَرْوٍ، فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ دِيَكَةَ مَرْوٍ تَسْلُبُ الدَّجَاجَ مَا فِي مَنَاقِيرِهَا مِنَ الْحَبِّ.
      waqāla ṯumāmatu: lam ʔara d-dīka fī baldatin qaṭṭu ʔillā wahuwa lāfiẓun, yaʔḵuḏu l-ḥabbata biminqārihi ṯumma yalfiẓuhā quddāma ad-dajājati, ʔillā diyakata marwin, faʔinnī raʔaytu diyakata marwin taslubu d-dajāja mā fī manāqīrihā mina l-ḥabbi.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
      إِذَا مَنَعَتْ مِنْكَ السِّيَاسَةُ نَفْسَهَا / فَقِفْ وَقْفَةً قُدَّامَهُ تَتَعَلَّمِ
      ʔiḏā manaʕat minka s-siyāsatu nafsahā / faqif waqfatan quddāmahū tataʕallami
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Inflection

    Inflected forms
Base form قُدَّامَ (quddāma)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms 		Singular Dual Plural
Masculine Feminine Common Masculine Feminine
First person قُدَّامِي (quddāmī) قُدَّامَنَا (quddāmanā)
Second person قُدَّامَكَ (quddāmaka) قُدَّامَكِ (quddāmaki) قُدَّامَكُمَا (quddāmakumā) قُدَّامَكُمْ (quddāmakum) قُدَّامَكُنَّ (quddāmakunna)
Third person قُدَّامَهُ (quddāmahu) قُدَّامَهَا (quddāmahā) قُدَّامَهُمَا (quddāmahumā) قُدَّامَهُمْ (quddāmahum) قُدَّامَهُنَّ (quddāmahunna)

Noun

قُدَّام • (quddām) m pl

  1. plural of قَادِم (qādim)

Adjective

قُدَّام • (quddām) m pl

  1. masculine plural of قَادِم (qādim)

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic قُدَّامَ (quddāma).

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Preposition

قدام • (ʔuddām)

  1. in front of, before
    Synonym: قصاد (ʔuṣād)

Inflection

Inflected forms of قدام
Base form قدام (ʔuddām)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms 		singular plural
m f
1st person قدامي (ʔuddāmi) قدامنا (ʔuddamna)
2nd person قدامك (ʔuddāmak) قدامك (ʔuddāmik) قدامكو (ʔuddamku)
3rd person قدامه (ʔuddāmu) قدامها (ʔuddamha) قدامهم (ʔuddamhum)

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic قُدَّامَ (quddāma).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡud.daːm/, [ɡʊd.daːm]

Preposition

قدام • (guddām)

  1. in front of
    Synonym: مُقابِل (mugābil)

Inflection

Inflected forms of قدام
Base form قُدَّام (guddām)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms 		singular plural
m f
1st person قدامي (guddāmi) قدامَنَا (guddāmana)
2nd person قدامَك (guddāmak) قدامِك (guddāmik) قدامَكُم (guddāmakum)
3rd person قُدَّامُه (guddāmu) قدامها (guddāmaha) قدامَهُم (guddāmahum)

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic قُدَّامَ (quddāma).

Pronunciation

Preposition

قدام • (quddām)

  1. in front of, in the presence of
    Synonym: قبالة (qbāla)
    Antonyms: ورا (wrā), مورا (mūrā)

Inflection

Inflected forms of قدام
Base form قدام (quddām)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms 		singular plural
m f
1st person قدامي (quddāmi) قدامنا (quddāmna)
2nd person قدامك (quddāmek) قدامك (quddāmki) قدامكم (quddāmkum)
3rd person قدامه (quddāmu) قدامها (quddāmha) قدامهم (quddāmhum)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ق د م
4 terms

Etymology

From Arabic قُدَّامَ (quddāma).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (Urban) /ʔud.daːm/, [ʔudˈdæːm]
  • IPA(key): (Bedouin) /ɡud.daːm/, [ɡudˈdæːm]
  • Audio (Jerusalem):(file)

Preposition

قدام • (ʔuddām)

  1. in front of
    Antonym: ورا (wara)

Inflection

    Inflected forms of قدام
Base form قدام (ʔuddām)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms 		singular plural
m f
1st person قدامي (ʔuddāmi) قدامنا (ʔuddāmna)
2nd person قدامك (ʔuddāmak) قدامك (ʔuddāmek) قدامكم (ʔuddāmkom)
3rd person قدامه (ʔuddāmo) قدامها (ʔuddāmha) قدامهم (ʔuddāmhom)
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