خراج

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Arabic[edit]

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Etymology 1[edit]

From خ ر ج (ḵ-r-j) in the sense “to extract” or “take out”, with phono-semantic matching of Middle Persian apparently in an unattested by-form of by-itself Iranian-origin 𐫍𐫡𐫃 (hrg /⁠harg⁠/), 𐫟𐫡𐫃 (xrg /⁠xarg⁠/), 𐫆𐫡𐫵𐫃 (hrːg /⁠harg⁠/, tribute) surfacing as Old Armenian հարկ (hark) etc., an already Old Persian contamination *𐏃𐎼𐎠𐎣 (ha-ra-a-ka /⁠*harāka⁠/, tribute, tax, any public charge based on land property) on the model of Imperial Aramaic 𐡄𐡋𐡊𐡀 (hlkʾ /⁠hălāḵā⁠/, tribute, tax, any public charge based on land property), itself calqued from Akkadian 𒅋𒆪 (il-ku /⁠ilku⁠/, corvée, tribute, any public charge based on land property). Also attested several times in Biblical Aramaic הֲלָכָא (/⁠hălāḵā⁠/) but otherwise missing in Aramaic.

Noun[edit]

خَرَاج (ḵarājm (plural أَخْرَاج (ʔaḵrāj) or أَخْرِجَة (ʔaḵrija))

  1. public levy, subsidy; poll-tax, tribute
Declension[edit]
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From the root خ ر ج (ḵ-r-j).

Noun[edit]

خُرَاج or خُرَّاج (ḵurāj or ḵurrājm (plural خُرَاجَات (ḵurājāt) or خُرَّاجَات (ḵurrājāt))

  1. abscess, boil, aposteme
Declension[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • Ottoman Turkish: خراج (huraç, hurraç)

References[edit]

  • hlk”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Burrow, Thomas (1935), “Iranian Words in the Kharoṣṭhi Documents from Chinese Turkestan—II”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies[1], volume 7, issue 4, page 788 of 779–790
  • Henning, Walter Bruno (1935), “Arabisch ḫarāǧ”, in Orientalia, volume 4 (Nova Series), →DOI, pages 291–293 = Henning, W. B. (1977) Selected Papers (Acta Iranica; 14)‎[2], volume 1, Tehran and Liège: Bibliothèque Pahlavi, pages 355–357
  • Kaufman, Stephen A. (1974) The Akkadian Influences on Aramaic (The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago Assyriological Studies; 19)‎[3], Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 58

Ottoman Turkish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Arabic خَرَاج (ḵarāj).

Noun[edit]

خراج (haraç)

  1. public levy, subsidy; poll tax, tribute
  2. a tax on land held by non-Muslims
    Synonym: جزیه (cizye)
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Arabic خُرَاج (ḵurāj).

Noun[edit]

خراج (huraç, hurraç)

  1. abscess, boil, aposteme

References[edit]