ἱδρώς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *hwidrṓts, from Proto-Indo-European *swidrṓts, from *sweyd- (“to sweat”) (whence also ἰδίω (idíō), ἶδος (îdos)). Cognate with Old Armenian քիրտն (kʻirtn), Latvian sviedri, Albanian djersë.

Pronunciation

(Epic)

 

• IPA^(key): /hiː.drɔ̌ːs/ → /iˈðros/ → /iˈðros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hiː.drɔ̌ːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)iˈdros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /iˈðros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /iˈðros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈðros/

(Lyric)

 

• IPA^(key): /hi.drɔ̌ːs/ → /iˈðros/ → /iˈðros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hi.drɔ̌ːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)iˈdros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /iˈðros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /iˈðros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈðros/

Noun

ῑ̔δρώς or ῐ̔δρώς • (hīdrṓs or hidrṓs) m or f (genitive ῑ̔δρῶτος or ῐ̔δρῶτος); third declension

1. sweat, perspiration
2. gum, sap
3. juice, moisture
4. anything earned by the sweat of one's brow

Usage notes

Feminine in Aeolic.

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ ἱδρώς; τοῦ ἱδρῶτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ἱδρώς ho hidrṓs	τὼ ἱδρῶτε tṑ hidrôte	οἱ ἱδρῶτες hoi hidrôtes
Genitive	τοῦ ἱδρῶτος toû hidrôtos	τοῖν ἱδρώτοιν toîn hidrṓtoin	τῶν ἱδρώτων tôn hidrṓtōn
Dative	τῷ ἱδρῶτι / ἱδρῷ tôi hidrôti / hidrôi	τοῖν ἱδρώτοιν toîn hidrṓtoin	τοῖς ἱδρῶσῐ / ἱδρῶσῐν toîs hidrôsi(n)
Accusative	τὸν ἱδρῶτᾰ tòn hidrôta	τὼ ἱδρῶτε tṑ hidrôte	τοὺς ἱδρῶτᾰς toùs hidrôtas
Vocative	ἱδρώς hidrṓs	ἱδρῶτε hidrôte	ἱδρῶτες hidrôtes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ts.

Further reading

• “ἱδρώς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἱδρώς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἱδρώς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἱδρώς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἱδρώς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• G2402 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • exudation idem, page 298.
  • gum idem, page 379.
  • perspiration idem, page 608.
  • sweat idem, page 847.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN