विहार

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• vihāra (Latin script)
• 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ৰিহার (Bengali script)
• විහාර (Sinhalese script)
• ဝိဟာရ or ဝိႁႃရ (Burmese script)
• วิหาร or วิหาระ (Thai script)
• ᩅᩥᩉᩣᩁ (Tai Tham script)
• ວິຫາຣ or ວິຫາຣະ (Lao script)
• វិហារ (Khmer script)
• 𑅇𑄨𑄦𑄂𑄢 (Chakma script)

Noun

विहार m

1. Devanagari script form of vihāra (“dwelling place”)

Declension

Declension table of "विहार" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	विहारो (vihāro)	विहारा (vihārā)
Accusative (second)	विहारं (vihāraṃ)	विहारे (vihāre)
Instrumental (third)	विहारेन (vihārena)	विहारेहि (vihārehi) or विहारेभि (vihārebhi)
Dative (fourth)	विहारस्स (vihārassa) or विहाराय (vihārāya) or विहारत्थं (vihāratthaṃ)	विहारानं (vihārānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	विहारस्मा (vihārasmā) or विहारम्हा (vihāramhā) or विहारा (vihārā)	विहारेहि (vihārehi) or विहारेभि (vihārebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	विहारस्स (vihārassa)	विहारानं (vihārānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	विहारस्मिं (vihārasmiṃ) or विहारम्हि (vihāramhi) or विहारे (vihāre)	विहारेसु (vihāresu)
Vocative (calling)	विहार (vihāra)	विहारा (vihārā)

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱিহাৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬯᬶᬳᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
• বিহার (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰰𑰮𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ဝိဟာရ (Burmese script)
• વિહાર (Gujarati script)
• ਵਿਹਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑌿𑌹𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦶꦲꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑂱𑂯𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ವಿಹಾರ (Kannada script)
• វិហារ (Khmer script)
• ວິຫາຣ (Lao script)
• വിഹാര (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᡳᡥᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘱𑘮𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠢᠾᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧒𑧎𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐶𑐴𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଵିହାର (Odia script)
• ꢮꢶꢲꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆴𑆲𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖰𑖮𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
• විහාර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾𑩑𑪂𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚮𑚩𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
• விஹார (Tamil script)
• విహార (Telugu script)
• วิหาร (Thai script)
• ཝི་ཧཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒱𑒯𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑨁𑨱𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From वि- (vi-) +‎ हार (hāra).

Noun

विहार • (vihāra) stem, m (once n)

1. distribution, transposition (of words)
2. arrangement or disposition (of the 3 sacred fires; also applied to the fires themselves or the space between them)
3. too great expansion of the organs of speech (consisting in too great lengthening or drawling in pronunciation, as opposed to संहार (saṃ-hāra))
4. walking for pleasure or amusement, wandering, roaming
5. sport, play, pastime, diversion, enjoyment, pleasure ("in" or "with" compound; at the end of a compound also = "taking delight in")
6. a place of recreation, pleasure-ground
7. (Buddhism, Jainism) vihara, a monastery or temple (originally a hall where the monks met or walked about; afterwards these halls were used as temples)
8. consecration for a sacrifice
9. name of the country of मगध (magadha) (called Bihar or Behar from the number of Buddhist monasteries)
10. shoulder
11. a particular bird (= बिन्दुरेकक (bindurekaka))
12. = वैजयन्त (vaijayanta)
13. a grazing-ground, pasturage
14. (at the end of a compound) delighting in

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of विहार (vihāra)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	विहारः vihāraḥ	विहारौ / विहारा¹ vihārau / vihārā¹	विहाराः / विहारासः¹ vihārāḥ / vihārāsaḥ¹
Vocative	विहार vihāra	विहारौ / विहारा¹ vihārau / vihārā¹	विहाराः / विहारासः¹ vihārāḥ / vihārāsaḥ¹
Accusative	विहारम् vihāram	विहारौ / विहारा¹ vihārau / vihārā¹	विहारान् vihārān
Instrumental	विहारेण vihāreṇa	विहाराभ्याम् vihārābhyām	विहारैः / विहारेभिः¹ vihāraiḥ / vihārebhiḥ¹
Dative	विहाराय vihārāya	विहाराभ्याम् vihārābhyām	विहारेभ्यः vihārebhyaḥ
Ablative	विहारात् vihārāt	विहाराभ्याम् vihārābhyām	विहारेभ्यः vihārebhyaḥ
Genitive	विहारस्य vihārasya	विहारयोः vihārayoḥ	विहाराणाम् vihārāṇām
Locative	विहारे vihāre	विहारयोः vihārayoḥ	विहारेषु vihāreṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Bengali: বিহার (bihar)
• → English: vihara
• → Burmese: ဝိဟာရ (wi.hara.)
• → Khmer: វិហារ (vihiə)
• → Javanese: ꦮꦶꦲꦫ (wihara)
  • → Indonesian: wihara
• → Lao: ວິຫານ (wi hān)
• → Lü: ᦞᦲᦠᦱᧃ (viiḣaan)
• → Malay: biara
  • Indonesian: biara
• → Northern Thai: ᩅᩥᩉᩣ᩠ᩁ
• Sinhalese: විහාර (wihāra)
• → Thai: วิหาร (wí-hǎan)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “विहार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1003.