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Proto-Indo-European
Root
*ǵerh₂-[1]
- to grow old, to mature[2]
Derived terms
Template:PIE root see
- *ǵérh₂-e-ti (root present)
- *ǵr̥h₂-nó-m (“grain”)
- *ǵerh₂-ró-s
- *ǵr̥h₂-yéw-s
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: γραῦς (graûs)
- *ǵ(e)rh₂-yó-s
- *ǵr̥h₂-i-ḱó-s
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: Γραικός (Graikós)
- → Latin: Graecus (see there for further descendants)
- *ǵērh₂-s
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: γῆρας (gêras, “old age”), γέρας (géras, “gift of honour”)
- *ǵérh₂-ont-s
- *ǵérh₂-u-s ~ *ǵr̥h₂-éw-s
- *ǵérh₂-mn̥ ~ *ǵr̥h₂-mén-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́árHama
- Proto-Iranian: *járHama
- Middle Persian: (“old age”)
- Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗 (zrmʾn /zarmān/), 𐫉𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫆 (zrmʾnyẖ /zarmānīh/)
- Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zlm'n' /zarmān/)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́árHama
- Sanskrit: जरिमन् (jariman, “old age, decrepitude”)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: γήραμα (gḗrama, “old age”)
- *ǵorh₂-o-s
- *ǵorh₂-wó-s
- Proto-Iranian: *járHwáh (“old age”)
- Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 (zauruuā, “old age”)
- Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾzr)
- Sogdian: [Term?] (“old age”)
- Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫇 (zrw /zarw/)
- Sogdian script: 𐼵𐽀𐼴𐼳 (zrwh /zarw/)
- Syriac script: ܙܪܘ (zrw /zarw/)
- Ossetian: зӕруӕ (zærwæ, “old age”)
- Pashto: زړوالۍ (zaṛwā́lay, “old age”)
- Parthian: 𐫉𐫡𐫇𐫀𐫗 (zrwʾn /zarwān/, “old age”)
- *ǵorh₂-tó-s
- Proto-Iranian: *járHtáh (“old; old age”)
- Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (zarəta, “old”)
- → Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫉𐫡𐫅 (zrd /zard/, “infirm; old age”)
- Persian: زال (zāl, “Zāl (a mythological person in Shahnameh who has an old face and white hairs); albino”); زر (zar, “old”)
- Sogdian: [Term?] (“old age; oldwoman”)
- Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫤𐫐 (zyrtk /zirt(a)/)
- Sogdian script: 𐼵𐼷𐽀𐽂𐼳 (zyrth /zirt(a), zert(a)/)
- Pashto: زړه (zaŗa, “old”), زوړ (zoŗ, “old”), زاړه (zāṛә́)
- *ǵorh₂-is-to-s
- Unsorted formations:
- Sanskrit: जरा (jarā́, “old age”)
- Sanskrit: जरस् (jarás, “senescence, decay, old age”)
- Sanskrit: जर (jára, “becoming old; the act of wearing out, wasting”)
- Sanskrit: ज्रयति (jrayati, “to grow old, overpower”)
- Proto-Armenian:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Slavic: *zьrěti > *zrělъ (see there for further descendants)
Further reading
References