nṯrj

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /nɛt͡ʃɛri/
  • Conventional anglicization: netjeri

Verb

 4ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) divine
2. (transitive) to make divine

Inflection

Conjugation of nṯrj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: nṯr, geminated stem: nṯrr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
nṯr	nṯrw, nṯryw, nṯr	nṯrt, nṯrwt, nṯryt	nṯr	nṯr, nṯry

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
nṯr8	ḥr nṯr	m nṯr	r nṯr

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	nṯr.n	nṯrw, nṯr, nṯry	consecutive	nṯr.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	nṯrt
perfective3	nṯr	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	nṯr.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	nṯr, nṯry	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	nṯrw, nṯr, nṯry	nṯrr	potentialis1	nṯr.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	nṯr, nṯry	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	nṯr.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	nṯrw1, nṯry, nṯr	active + .tj1, .tw2	nṯr	nṯry, nṯr
imperfective	nṯrr, nṯrry, nṯrrw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	nṯrr, nṯrrj6, nṯrry6	nṯrr, nṯrrw5
prospective	nṯrw1, nṯry, nṯr, nṯrtj7	—	nṯrwtj1 4, nṯrtj4, nṯrt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nṯrj  

ntrj

Etymology 2

Nisba adjectival form of nṯr (“god”), suffixed with -j.

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /nucˈɾij/ → /nutˈɾij/ → /nətˈɾeʔ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /nucˈɾij/ (masculine singular); IPA^(key): /nucˈɾit/ (feminine singular)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /nutˈɾij/ (masculine singular); IPA^(key): /nutˈɾiʔ/ (feminine singular)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /nətˈɾeʔ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /nɛt͡ʃri/
  • Conventional anglicization: netjri

Adjective

1. divine, holy

Inflection

Declension of nṯrj (nisba adjective)

	masculine	feminine
singular	nṯrj	nṯrt
dual	nṯrjwj, nṯrwj	nṯrtj
plural	nṯrjw, nṯrw	nṯrwt1, nṯrt2
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nṯrj  

nṯrj	nṯrj	nṯrj

Derived terms

• nṯrj-kꜣ-rꜥ

 

Noun

 m

1. magic rope

Inflection

Declension of nṯrj (masculine)

singular	nṯrj
dual	nṯrjwj
plural	nṯrjw

Noun

 m

2. natron

Inflection

Declension of nṯrj (masculine)

singular	nṯrj
dual	nṯrjwj
plural	nṯrjw

Descendants

• → Ancient Greek: νίτρον (nítron)
  • → Arabic: نَطْرُون (naṭrūn)
    • Arabic: أَطْرُون (ʔaṭrūn)
      • → Swedish: trona
        • → English: trona
    • → Spanish: natrón
      • → French: natron
        • → English: natron
        • → German: Natron
          • → Latin: natrium
            • → English: natrium
  • → Latin: nitrum
    • Old French: nitre
      • → Middle English: nitre
        • English: niter, nitre
      • French: nitre
• → Hebrew: נֶתֶר (néter)

References

• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 375.
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 366.8–366.11