سوط

Arabic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sawtˤ/

• Audio:

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Etymology 1

Apparently via Aramaic שׁוֹטָא (šōṭā) / ܫܱܘܛܳܐ (šawṭā, “whip”) from Old Georgian შოლტი (šolṭi, “whip”).

Noun

سَوْط • (sawṭ) m (plural أَسْوَاط (ʔaswāṭ) or سِيَاط (siyāṭ))

1. verbal noun of سَاطَ (sāṭa)
2. whip, scourge, switch
3. (figuratively) any punishment
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 89:13:

     فَصَبَّ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّكَ سَوْطَ عَذَابٍ

     faṣabba ʕalayhim rabbuka sawṭa ʕaḏābin

     Therefore thy Lord poured on them the disaster of His punishment.

4. (biology) flagellum
5. (astronomy) an astronomical measure of approximately 4.5 degrees

Declension

Declension of noun سَوْط (sawṭ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَوْط sawṭ	السَّوْط as-sawṭ	سَوْط sawṭ
Nominative	سَوْطٌ sawṭun	السَّوْطُ as-sawṭu	سَوْطُ sawṭu
Accusative	سَوْطًا sawṭan	السَّوْطَ as-sawṭa	سَوْطَ sawṭa
Genitive	سَوْطٍ sawṭin	السَّوْطِ as-sawṭi	سَوْطِ sawṭi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَوْطَيْن sawṭayn	السَّوْطَيْن as-sawṭayn	سَوْطَيْ sawṭay
Nominative	سَوْطَانِ sawṭāni	السَّوْطَانِ as-sawṭāni	سَوْطَا sawṭā
Accusative	سَوْطَيْنِ sawṭayni	السَّوْطَيْنِ as-sawṭayni	سَوْطَيْ sawṭay
Genitive	سَوْطَيْنِ sawṭayni	السَّوْطَيْنِ as-sawṭayni	سَوْطَيْ sawṭay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَسْوَاط‎; سِيَاط ʔaswāṭ‎; siyāṭ	الْأَسْوَاط‎; السِّيَاط al-ʔaswāṭ‎; as-siyāṭ	أَسْوَاط‎; سِيَاط ʔaswāṭ‎; siyāṭ
Nominative	أَسْوَاطٌ‎; سِيَاطٌ ʔaswāṭun‎; siyāṭun	الْأَسْوَاطُ‎; السِّيَاطُ al-ʔaswāṭu‎; as-siyāṭu	أَسْوَاطُ‎; سِيَاطُ ʔaswāṭu‎; siyāṭu
Accusative	أَسْوَاطًا‎; سِيَاطًا ʔaswāṭan‎; siyāṭan	الْأَسْوَاطَ‎; السِّيَاطَ al-ʔaswāṭa‎; as-siyāṭa	أَسْوَاطَ‎; سِيَاطَ ʔaswāṭa‎; siyāṭa
Genitive	أَسْوَاطٍ‎; سِيَاطٍ ʔaswāṭin‎; siyāṭin	الْأَسْوَاطِ‎; السِّيَاطِ al-ʔaswāṭi‎; as-siyāṭi	أَسْوَاطِ‎; سِيَاطِ ʔaswāṭi‎; siyāṭi

Derived terms

• سَاطَ (sāṭa)
• سَيَّطَ (sayyaṭa), سَوَّطَ (sawwaṭa)
• تَسَيَّطَ (tasayyaṭa), تَسَوَّطَ (tasawwaṭa)
• مِسْوَط (miswaṭ)
• مِسْوَاط (miswāṭ)

Descendants

• Maltese: sawt
• → Amharic: ሰውጥ (säwṭ)
• → Catalan: assot
• → Galician: azoute
• → Ge'ez: ሰውጥ (säwṭ), ሠውጥ (śäwṭ)
• → Portuguese: açoite
• → Sicilian: zotta
• → Spanish: azote

Etymology 2

A native root. Some occurrences of Biblical Hebrew שׁוֹט (šōṭ) are understood as “spate”, whose sense seems to have influenced the Arabic sense of “a punishment” otherwise belonging to the “whip” noun, as in the Qurʾān place above God صَبَّ (ṣabba) it, that is “poured” or “dispensed“ punishment like liquid, although Jakob Barth considered all the Arabic words and senses on this page natively developed from سَطَا (saṭā, “to throw oneself upon someone or something with impetuosity; to be restive; to march with large steps; to be found in abundance (said of water)”).

Noun

سَوْط • (sawṭ) m

1. water that bides in a pool or puddle or the place where there is such water
2. someone's deal, a designated deal

Declension

Declension of noun سَوْط (sawṭ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَوْط sawṭ	السَّوْط as-sawṭ	سَوْط sawṭ
Nominative	سَوْطٌ sawṭun	السَّوْطُ as-sawṭu	سَوْطُ sawṭu
Accusative	سَوْطًا sawṭan	السَّوْطَ as-sawṭa	سَوْطَ sawṭa
Genitive	سَوْطٍ sawṭin	السَّوْطِ as-sawṭi	سَوْطِ sawṭi

Verb

سَوَّطَ • (sawwaṭa) II (non-past يُسَوِّطُ (yusawwiṭu), verbal noun تَسْوِيط (taswīṭ))

1. to commix the liquids by stirring

Conjugation

    Conjugation of سَوَّطَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَسْوِيط)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَسْوِيط taswīṭ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُسَوِّط musawwiṭ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُسَوَّط musawwaṭ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سَوَّطْتُ sawwaṭtu	سَوَّطْتَ sawwaṭta	سَوَّطَ sawwaṭa		سَوَّطْتُمَا sawwaṭtumā	سَوَّطَا sawwaṭā		سَوَّطْنَا sawwaṭnā	سَوَّطْتُمْ sawwaṭtum	سَوَّطُوا sawwaṭū
	f		سَوَّطْتِ sawwaṭti	سَوَّطَتْ sawwaṭat			سَوَّطَتَا sawwaṭatā			سَوَّطْتُنَّ sawwaṭtunna	سَوَّطْنَ sawwaṭna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسَوِّطُ ʔusawwiṭu	تُسَوِّطُ tusawwiṭu	يُسَوِّطُ yusawwiṭu		تُسَوِّطَانِ tusawwiṭāni	يُسَوِّطَانِ yusawwiṭāni		نُسَوِّطُ nusawwiṭu	تُسَوِّطُونَ tusawwiṭūna	يُسَوِّطُونَ yusawwiṭūna
	f		تُسَوِّطِينَ tusawwiṭīna	تُسَوِّطُ tusawwiṭu			تُسَوِّطَانِ tusawwiṭāni			تُسَوِّطْنَ tusawwiṭna	يُسَوِّطْنَ yusawwiṭna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسَوِّطَ ʔusawwiṭa	تُسَوِّطَ tusawwiṭa	يُسَوِّطَ yusawwiṭa		تُسَوِّطَا tusawwiṭā	يُسَوِّطَا yusawwiṭā		نُسَوِّطَ nusawwiṭa	تُسَوِّطُوا tusawwiṭū	يُسَوِّطُوا yusawwiṭū
	f		تُسَوِّطِي tusawwiṭī	تُسَوِّطَ tusawwiṭa			تُسَوِّطَا tusawwiṭā			تُسَوِّطْنَ tusawwiṭna	يُسَوِّطْنَ yusawwiṭna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسَوِّطْ ʔusawwiṭ	تُسَوِّطْ tusawwiṭ	يُسَوِّطْ yusawwiṭ		تُسَوِّطَا tusawwiṭā	يُسَوِّطَا yusawwiṭā		نُسَوِّطْ nusawwiṭ	تُسَوِّطُوا tusawwiṭū	يُسَوِّطُوا yusawwiṭū
	f		تُسَوِّطِي tusawwiṭī	تُسَوِّطْ tusawwiṭ			تُسَوِّطَا tusawwiṭā			تُسَوِّطْنَ tusawwiṭna	يُسَوِّطْنَ yusawwiṭna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		سَوِّطْ sawwiṭ			سَوِّطَا sawwiṭā				سَوِّطُوا sawwiṭū
	f		سَوِّطِي sawwiṭī							سَوِّطْنَ sawwiṭna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سُوِّطْتُ suwwiṭtu	سُوِّطْتَ suwwiṭta	سُوِّطَ suwwiṭa		سُوِّطْتُمَا suwwiṭtumā	سُوِّطَا suwwiṭā		سُوِّطْنَا suwwiṭnā	سُوِّطْتُمْ suwwiṭtum	سُوِّطُوا suwwiṭū
	f		سُوِّطْتِ suwwiṭti	سُوِّطَتْ suwwiṭat			سُوِّطَتَا suwwiṭatā			سُوِّطْتُنَّ suwwiṭtunna	سُوِّطْنَ suwwiṭna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسَوَّطُ ʔusawwaṭu	تُسَوَّطُ tusawwaṭu	يُسَوَّطُ yusawwaṭu		تُسَوَّطَانِ tusawwaṭāni	يُسَوَّطَانِ yusawwaṭāni		نُسَوَّطُ nusawwaṭu	تُسَوَّطُونَ tusawwaṭūna	يُسَوَّطُونَ yusawwaṭūna
	f		تُسَوَّطِينَ tusawwaṭīna	تُسَوَّطُ tusawwaṭu			تُسَوَّطَانِ tusawwaṭāni			تُسَوَّطْنَ tusawwaṭna	يُسَوَّطْنَ yusawwaṭna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسَوَّطَ ʔusawwaṭa	تُسَوَّطَ tusawwaṭa	يُسَوَّطَ yusawwaṭa		تُسَوَّطَا tusawwaṭā	يُسَوَّطَا yusawwaṭā		نُسَوَّطَ nusawwaṭa	تُسَوَّطُوا tusawwaṭū	يُسَوَّطُوا yusawwaṭū
	f		تُسَوَّطِي tusawwaṭī	تُسَوَّطَ tusawwaṭa			تُسَوَّطَا tusawwaṭā			تُسَوَّطْنَ tusawwaṭna	يُسَوَّطْنَ yusawwaṭna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسَوَّطْ ʔusawwaṭ	تُسَوَّطْ tusawwaṭ	يُسَوَّطْ yusawwaṭ		تُسَوَّطَا tusawwaṭā	يُسَوَّطَا yusawwaṭā		نُسَوَّطْ nusawwaṭ	تُسَوَّطُوا tusawwaṭū	يُسَوَّطُوا yusawwaṭū
	f		تُسَوَّطِي tusawwaṭī	تُسَوَّطْ tusawwaṭ			تُسَوَّطَا tusawwaṭā			تُسَوَّطْنَ tusawwaṭna	يُسَوَّطْنَ yusawwaṭna

Derived terms

• اِسْتَوَطَ (istawaṭa, “to be or become mixed or stirred”)
• سَوِيط (sawīṭ, “stirred”)
• سَوَيْطَاء (sawayṭāʔ, “a soup with much onions and chickpeas”)
• مِسْوَط (miswaṭ, “an implement to mix”)
• مِسْوَاط (miswāṭ, “an implement to mix”)

Further reading

• Barth, Jakob (1893) Etymologische Studien zum semitischen insbesondere zum hebräischen Lexicon (in German), Berlin: H. Itzkowski, page 14
• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 672
• Freytag, Georg (1833) “سوط”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 375b–376a
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “سوط”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[2], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1466–1467
• Марр, Н. Я. (1910) “Надпись Епифания, католикоса Грузии (Из раскопок в Ани 1910 г.) [The inscription of Epiphanius, the catholicos of Georgia (From excavations of Ani in 1910)]”, in Известия Императорской Академии наук‎^[3] (in Russian), volume XIV, Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 1436 of 1433–1442