Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rěka

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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *raikāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃royH-keh₂, from *h₃reyH-, extension of *h₃er-. Equivalent to *rě- +‎ *-ka.

Indo-European cognates include Latin rīvus (“brook, stream”), Middle Irish rían (“river, way”), Old Irish ríathor (“torrent”), Sanskrit रय (ráуа), रीयते (rī́уаte), रीति (rītí), रेतस् (rétas), Gaulish *Rēnos, Albanian ritë, Old English rīþ, English rithe (dial.), Middle Low German rîn.

Noun

*rě̄kà or *rěkà f[1][2][3]

  1. river

Inflection

Declension of *rě̄kà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
singular dual plural
nominative *rě̄kà *rě̃cě *rě̄kỳ
genitive *rě̄kỳ *rě̄kù *rě̃kъ
dative *rě̄cě̀ *rě̄kàma *rě̄kàmъ
accusative *rě̄kǫ̀ *rě̃cě *rě̄kỳ
instrumental *rě̄kòjǫ, *rě̃kǫ** *rě̄kàma *rě̄kàmī
locative *rě̄cě̀ *rě̄kù *rě̄kàsъ, *rě̄kàxъ*
vocative *rěko *rě̃cě *rě̄kỳ
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Declension of *rěkà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *rěkà *rě̑cě *rě̑ky
genitive *rěký *rěkù *rě̃kъ
dative *rěcě̀ *rěkàma *rěkàmъ
accusative *rě̑kǫ *rě̑cě *rě̑ky
instrumental *rěkojǫ́ *rěkàma *rěkàmi
locative *rě̑cě *rěkù *rěkàsъ, *rěkàxъ*
vocative *rěko *rě̑cě *rě̑ky
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: рѣка (rěka)

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Further reading

vol=2 Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “река”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN

  • Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “река”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa

References

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*rě̄kà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 434: “f. ā (b/c) ‘river’”
  2. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “rěka rěky”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 156; PR 135)”
  3. ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “rẹ́ka”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *rěka̋”
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