око

See also: Appendix:Variations of "oko"

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [oˈkɔ]

Noun

око́ • (okó) n (relational adjective о́чен)

1. (anatomy) eye

Declension

Declension of око́

	singular	plural
indefinite	око́ okó	очи́ očí
definite	око́то okóto	очи́те očíte

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Macedonian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɔkɔ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

око • (oko) n (plural очи, relational adjective очен, diminutive окце or оче)

1. (anatomy) eye

Declension

Declension of око

	singular	plural
indefinite	око	очи
definite unspecified	окото	очите
definite proximal	оково	очиве
definite distal	оконо	очине
vocative	око	очи

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Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms

• Glagolitic: ⱁⰽⱁ (oko)
• ꙩко (oko) (with monocular o) (with ꙫчи (oči) (dual with binocular o) and ꙭчи (oči) (dual with dual monocular o))

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ȍko, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ak-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.

Noun

око • (oko) n

1. (anatomy) eye
2. vision, sight

Declension

Declension of око ((irregular s-stem))

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	око oko	очью, очию očĭju, očiju	очесьмъ očesĭmŭ
genitive	очи oči	очесъ očesŭ	очесьмь, окомь očesĭmĭ, okomĭ
dative	очеса očesa	очесе, оцѣ, очеси očese, ocě, očesi	очима očima
accusative	око oko	очью, очию očĭju, očiju	очесꙑ očesy
instrumental	очи oči	очесьхъ očesĭxŭ	око oko
locative	очеса očesa	очеси, окоу očesi, oku	очи oči
vocative	очесе, ока očese, oka	очима očima	очеса očesa

The singular takes o-stem or s-stem endings, the dual takes mostly i-stem endings, and the plural takes s-stem endings. Halla-aho considers the dual forms a remnant of an original i-stem which later became an s-stem, but Derksen reconstructs the Proto-Slavic form as an o-stem instead.

See also

• многоочитый, многоꙮчитїи (mnogoočityj, mnogoočitii) (ꙮ (o))

References

• Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “око”, in Staroslavjanskij slovarʹ (po rukopisjam X—XI vekov) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)], Moscow: Russkij jazyk
• Hauptova Z., editor (1958–1997), “око”, in Slovník jazyka staroslověnského (Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae), Prague: Euroslavica
• Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki

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Old East Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.

Noun

око (oko) n

1. eye

Descendants

• Old Belarusian: око (oko), воко (voko)
  • Belarusian: во́ка (vóka); о́ко (óko), ако́ (akó) (dialectal)
• Russian: о́ко (óko) (dated, archaic); во́ка (vóka) (dialectal)
• Old Ukrainian: око (oko), воко (voko)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: о́ко (óko); во́ко (vóko) (colloquial)
  • Ukrainian: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko); го́ко (hóko) (dialectal)

References

• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902) “око”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[1] (in Russian), volumes 2 (Л – П), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 642

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Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic око (oko), from Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈokə]

Noun

о́ко • (óko) n inan (genitive о́ка, nominative plural о́чи^*, genitive plural оче́й^*) (* о́чи is actually an old nominative dual form for neuter nouns.)

1. (dated or poetic or literary) eye (used in proverbs and expressions)

   Synonym: (a more common term) глаз m (glaz)

   о́чи чёрные ― óči čórnyje ― dark eyes

   Ви́дит о́ко, да зу́б неймёт. ― Vídit óko, da zúb nejmjót. ― The eye sees (it) but the tooth cannot take it.

Declension

Declension of о́ко (inan neut-form velar-stem accent-e irreg) 

	singular	plural
nominative	о́ко óko	о́чи△* óči△*
genitive	о́ка óka	оче́й△* očéj△*
dative	о́ку óku	оча́м△* očám△*
accusative	о́ко óko	о́чи△* óči△*
instrumental	о́ком ókom	оча́ми△* očámi△*
prepositional	о́ке óke	оча́х△* očáx△*

^△ Irregular.
^* о́чи is actually an old nominative dual form for neuter nouns.

Pre-reform declension of о́ко (inan neut-form velar-stem accent-e irreg) 

	singular	plural
nominative	о́ко óko	о́чи△ óči△
genitive	о́ка óka	оче́й△ očéj△
dative	о́ку óku	оча́мъ△ očám△
accusative	о́ко óko	о́чи△ óči△
instrumental	о́комъ ókom	оча́ми△ očámi△
prepositional	о́кѣ ókě	оча́хъ△ očáx△

^△ Irregular.

Related terms

• зао́чный (zaóčnyj)
• очеви́дный (očevídnyj)

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Rusyn

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.

Noun

око • (oko)

1. (anatomy) eye

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Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ôko/
• Hyphenation: о‧ко

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.

Noun

о̏ко n (Latin spelling ȍko)

1. (anatomy) eye

Declension

Declension of око

	singular	plural
nominative	о̏ко	о̏чи
genitive	о̏ка	о̀чијӯ
dative	оку	очима
accusative	око	очи
vocative	око	очи
locative	оку	очима
instrumental	оком	очима

Etymology 2

Preposition

о̏ко (Latin spelling ȍko) (+ genitive case)

1. around
2. about
3. approximately

   Заплијењено је око 45 кг. ― Approximately 45 kg was seized.

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Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɔkɔ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.

Noun

о́ко • (óko) n inan (genitive о́ка, nominative plural о́чі, genitive plural оче́й)

1. eye

Usage notes

Notice that the irregular plural is an old dual form.

Declension

Declension of о́ко (inan velar neut-form accent-e irreg-plstem)

	singular	plural
nominative	о́ко óko	о́чі óči
genitive	о́ка óka	оче́й očéj
dative	о́ку óku	оча́м očám
accusative	о́ко óko	о́чі, ві́чі óči, víči
instrumental	о́ком ókom	очи́ма očýma
locative	о́ці óci	оча́х očáx
vocative	о́ко óko	о́чі óči

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish اوقه.

Noun

о́ко • (óko) n inan (genitive о́ка, nominative plural о́ка, genitive plural ок)

1. (archaic) oka: A unit of weight, approximately 1.2 kg.
2. (archaic) oka: A measure for alcoholic beverages, approximately 1-1.5 liters.

Declension

Declension of о́ко (inan velar neut-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	о́ко óko	о́ка óka
genitive	о́ка óka	ок, вік ok, vik
dative	о́кові, о́ку ókovi, óku	о́кам ókam
accusative	о́ко óko	о́ка óka
instrumental	о́ком ókom	о́ками ókamy
locative	о́ку óku	о́ках ókax
vocative	о́ко óko	о́ка óka

Further reading

• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2003), “о́ко”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 4 (Н – П), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 170
• Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “о́ко”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “око”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “око”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN