око

See also: Appendix:Variations of "oko"

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oko.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [oˈkɔ]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -kɔ
• Syllabification^(key): о‧ко
• Hyphenation^(key): око

Noun

око́ • (okó) n (relational adjective о́чен, diminutive оче́)

1. (anatomy) eye (vision organ)

Declension

Declension of око́

	singular	plural
indefinite	око́ okó	очи́ očí
definite	око́то okóto	очи́те očíte

References

• “око”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “око”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Carpathian Rusyn

Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian о́ко (óko), from Proto-Slavic *oko.

Noun

око • (oko)

1. (anatomy) eye

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oko.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɔkɔ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Syllabification: о‧ко
• Hyphenation: око

Noun

око • (oko) n (plural очи, relational adjective очен, diminutive окце or оче, augmentative очиште)

1. (anatomy) eye

Declension

Declension of око

	singular	plural
indefinite	око (oko)	очи (oči)
definite unspecified	окото (okoto)	очите (očite)
definite proximal	оково (okovo)	очиве (očive)
definite distal	оконо (okono)	очине (očine)
vocative	око (oko)	очи (oči)

Derived terms

• воочи pf (vooči)
• воочува impf (voočuva)
• очевиден (očeviden)
• очевидец m (očevidec)
• очевидно (očevidno)
• очевидност f (očevidnost)
• очигледен (očigleden)
• очигледно (očigledno)
• очигледност f (očiglednost)
• очила pl (očila)
• очилар m (očilar)

References

• “око” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms

• Glagolitic: ⱁⰽⱁ (oko)
• ꙩко (oko) (with monocular o) (with ꙫчи (oči) (dual with binocular o) and ꙭчи (ꝏči) (dual with double monocular o))

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oko.

Noun

око • (oko) n

1. (anatomy) eye
2. vision, sight

Declension

Declension of око (irregular s-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	око oko	очи oči	очеса očesa
genitive	очесе, ока očese, oka	очью, очию očĭju, očiju	очесъ očesŭ
dative	очеси, окоу očesi, oku	очима očima	очесьмъ očesĭmŭ
accusative	око oko	очи oči	очеса očesa
instrumental	очесьмь, окомь očesĭmĭ, okomĭ	очима očima	очесꙑ očesy
locative	очесе, оцѣ, очеси očese, ocě, očesi	очью, очию očĭju, očiju	очесьхъ očesĭxŭ
vocative	око oko	очи oči	очеса očesa

The singular takes o-stem or s-stem endings, the dual takes mostly i-stem endings, and the plural takes s-stem endings. Halla-aho considers the dual forms a remnant of an original i-stem which later became an s-stem, but Derksen reconstructs the Proto-Slavic form as an o-stem instead.

See also

• многоочитый (mnogoočityj)
• многоꙮчитїй (mnogoočitij)
• ꙮчеса (očesa)

References

• Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “око”, in Старославянский словарь (по рукописям X—XI веков) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)] (overall work in Russian), Moscow: Russkij jazyk
• Hauptova Z., editor (1958–1997), “око”, in Slovník jazyka staroslověnského (Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae) (overall work in Czech), Prague: Euroslavica
• Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• Halla-aho, Jussi (2006), Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki

Old East Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oko. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic око (oko).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔkɔ/→/ˈɔkɔ/→/ˈɔkɔ/

• (ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈɔkɔ/
• (ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈɔkɔ/
• (ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈɔkɔ/

• Hyphenation: о‧ко

Noun

око (oko) n

1. eye
   • 1076, Sviatoslav's izbornik‎^[3], page 4:

     отъкрꙑи бо рече очи мои да раꙁоумѣю чюдеса отъ ꙁакона твоѥго

     otŭkryi bo reče oči moi da razuměju čjudesa otŭ zakona tvojego

     For he says "Open my eyes so that I understand the miracles from your testament."

Declension

Declension of око (irregular)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	око oko	очи oči	очеса očesa
genitive	ока oka	очию očiju	очесъ očesŭ
dative	оку oku	очьма očĭma	очесьмъ očesĭmŭ
accusative	око oko	очи oči	очеса očesa
instrumental	окъмь okŭmĭ	очьма očĭma	очесꙑ očesy
locative	оцѣ ocě	очию očiju	очесьхъ očesĭxŭ
vocative	око oko	очи oči	очеса očesa

Declension of око (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	око oko	оцѣ ocě	ока oka
genitive	ока oka	оку oku	окъ okŭ
dative	оку oku	окома okoma	окомъ okomŭ
accusative	око oko	оцѣ ocě	ока oka
instrumental	окъмь okŭmĭ	окома okoma	окꙑ oky
locative	оцѣ ocě	оку oku	оцѣхъ ocěxŭ
vocative	око oko	оцѣ ocě	ока oka

Descendants

• Old Ruthenian: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko), اَوقَو (oko)
  • Belarusian: во́ка (vóka)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko)
  • Ukrainian: о́ко (óko), (dialectal) во́ко (vóko), го́ко (hóko)
• Russian: о́ко (óko) (dated, archaic)

References

• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902), “око”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[4] (in Russian), volume 2 (Л – П), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 642

Old Novgorodian

Etymology 1

око

First attested in c. 1100‒1120. Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ȍko, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ak-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs (“eye”), from *h₃ekʷ- (“to see; eye”). Cognate with Old East Slavic око (oko), Old Ruthenian о́ко (óko), Old Church Slavonic око / ⱁⰽⱁ (oko), Old Polish oko, Old Czech oko.

Noun

око • (oko) n (dual оци)

1. (anatomy) eye

Declension

Declension of око (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	око oko	ока oka	ока oka
genitive	ока oka	окоу oku	окъ okŭ
dative	окоу oku	окома okoma	окомъ okomŭ
accusative	око oko	ока oka	ока oka
instrumental	окъмь okŭmĭ	окома okoma	окꙑ oky
locative	окѣ okě	окоу oku	окѣхъ okěxŭ
vocative	око oko	ока oka	ока oka

Etymology 2

First attested in c. 1180‒1200. By surface analysis, о (o) +‎ ко (ko). Cognate with Old East Slavic око (oko).

Conjunction

око • (oko)

1. that
2. as
3. so, so that

Derived terms

conjunction

• оконо (okono)

phrase

• око стоꙗ (oko stoja)

Further reading

• “”, in “Birchbark Letters Corpus”, in Russian National Corpus, https://ruscorpora.ru, 2003–2025

Old Ruthenian

Alternative forms

• во́ко (vóko), اَوقَو (oko)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oko.

Noun

око • (oko) n inan (genitive plural о́чи)

1. eye
2. sight, look

Descendants

• Belarusian: во́ка (vóka)
• Carpathian Rusyn: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko)
• Ukrainian: о́ко (óko), (dialectal) во́ко (vóko), го́ко (hóko)

Further reading

• Tymchenko, E. K., editor (1930), “воко; око”, in Історичний словник українського язика [Historical Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 1, number 1 (А – Г), Kharkiv, Kyiv: State Publishing House of Ukraine, page 294
• Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1978), “*око¹”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Н – Ѳ), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 78
• Bulyka, A. M., editor (2002), “око, воко”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 22 (оддыханье – ость), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 136
• Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1997), “воко; око”, in Словник української мови XVI – 1-ї пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language of 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), numbers 4 (весь – вправѣ), Lviv: KIUS, →ISBN, page 197
• Tymchenko, E. K. (2003), “око”, in Nimchuk, V. V., editor, Матеріали до словника писемної та книжної української мови XV–XVIII ст. [Materials for the Dictionary of the Written and Book Ukrainian Language of 15ᵗʰ–18ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volumes 2 (О – Я), Kyiv, New York: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S., →ISBN, page 32

Pannonian Rusyn

Picture dictionary

око

лопов

мозоґ

око

ґамба

нос

уста

брада

видлїца

ухо

слиха

шия

Click on labels in the image.

Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak oko, from Proto-Slavic *oko. Cognates include Carpathian Rusyn о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko) and Slovak oko.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɔkɔ]
• Rhymes: -ɔkɔ
• Hyphenation: око

Noun

око (oko) n (diminutive очичко, augmentative очиско, relational adjective оков or очни)

1. eye

   маче око ― mače oko ― cat's eye

   оч до оч ― oč do oč ― eye-to-eye

Usage notes

• The genitive plural form оч (oč) is only used in certain fixed phrases before or after prepositions.

Declension

Declension of око (oko)

	singular	plural
nominative	око (oko)	очи (oči)
genitive	ока (oka)	очох / оч (očox / oč)
dative	оку (oku)	очом (očom)
accusative	око (oko)	очи (oči)
instrumental	оком (okom)	очми / очами (očmi / očami)
locative	оку (oku)	очох (očox)
vocative	око (oko)	очи (oči)

Derived terms

adjectives

• очивисни (očivisni)
• очиглядни (očihljadni)

adverbs

• вочи (voči)

nouns

• очивидец m pers (očividec)

Further reading

• Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M.; Timko-Djitko, O. (2010), “око”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
• Fejsa, M.; Šlemender, M.; Čelʹovski, S. (2022), “eye”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 109

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic око (oko), from Proto-Slavic *oko, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈokə]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

о́ко • (óko) n inan (genitive о́ка, nominative plural о́чи^*, genitive plural оче́й^*) (* о́чи is actually an old nominative dual form for neuter nouns.)

1. (dated or poetic or literary) eye (used in proverbs and expressions)

   Synonym: (a more common term) глаз m (glaz)

   о́чи чёрные ― óči čórnyje ― dark eyes

   Ви́дит о́ко, да зу́б неймёт. ― Vídit óko, da zúb nejmjót. ― The eye sees (it) but the tooth cannot take it.

Declension

Declension of о́ко (inan neut-form velar-stem accent-e irreg) 

	singular	plural
nominative	о́ко óko	о́чи△* óči△*
genitive	о́ка óka	оче́й△* očéj△*
dative	о́ку óku	оча́м△* očám△*
accusative	о́ко óko	о́чи△* óči△*
instrumental	о́ком ókom	оча́ми△* očámi△*
prepositional	о́ке óke	оча́х△* očáx△*

^△ Irregular.
^* о́чи is actually an old nominative dual form for neuter nouns.

Pre-reform declension of о́ко (inan neut-form velar-stem accent-e irreg) 

	singular	plural
nominative	о́ко óko	о́чи△ óči△
genitive	о́ка óka	оче́й△ očéj△
dative	о́ку óku	оча́мъ△ očám△
accusative	о́ко óko	о́чи△ óči△
instrumental	о́комъ ókom	оча́ми△ očámi△
prepositional	о́кѣ ókě	оча́хъ△ očáx△

^△ Irregular.

Derived terms

• воо́чию (voóčiju)
• многоо́кий (mnogoókij)
• окоём m (okojóm)
• очеви́дец m anim (očevídec), очеви́дица f anim (očevídica)
• очеви́дный (očevídnyj)
  • неочеви́дный (neočevídnyj), очеви́дность f (očevídnostʹ)
• очки́ m pl (očkí)
  • оче́чный (očéčnyj)
    • оче́чник m (očéčnik)
  • очка́стый (očkástyj), очка́рик m anim (očkárik)
• очко́ n (očkó)
  • очкова́ть impf (očkovátʹ), очкану́ть pf (očkanútʹ), очку́н m anim (očkún)
  • очко́вый (očkóvyj)
    • одноочко́вый (odnoočkóvyj), двухочко́вый (dvuxočkóvyj), трёхочко́вый (trjoxočkóvyj)
• о́чный (óčnyj)
  • зао́чный (zaóčnyj)
    • зао́чник m anim (zaóčnik), зао́чница f anim (zaóčnica)
  • о́чник m anim (óčnik), о́чница f anim (óčnica)

Related terms

• окно́ n (oknó)
  • око́нный (okónnyj), подоко́нник m (podokónnik)

See also

• о́чень (óčenʹ)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “око”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “око”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 594

Further reading

• Kuznetsov, Sergey Alexandrovich (1998), “око”, in Большой толковый словарь русского языка [Great Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Norint, →ISBN

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ôko/
• Hyphenation: о‧ко

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oko.

Noun

о̏ко n (Latin spelling ȍko)

1. (anatomy) eye

Declension

Declension of око

	singular	plural
nominative	о̏ко	о̏чи
genitive	о̏ка	о̀чијӯ
dative	оку	очима
accusative	око	очи
vocative	око	очи
locative	оку	очима
instrumental	оком	очима

Further reading

• “око”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
• “око”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
• “око”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Etymology 2

Preposition

о̏ко (Latin spelling ȍko) [with genitive]

1. around, about, approximately

   Заплијењено је око 45 кг. ― Approximately 45 kg was seized.

Further reading

• “око”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
• “око”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Ukrainian

Picture dictionary

око

череп

мозок

око

губа

ніс

рот

підборіддя

щелепа

вухо

висок

шия

Click on labels in the image.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɔkɔ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Ruthenian о́ко (óko), from Proto-Slavic *oko.

Noun

о́ко • (óko) n inan (genitive о́ка, nominative plural о́чі, genitive plural оче́й, relational adjective о́чний)

1. eye

Usage notes

The genitive singular, о́ка (óka), is used after the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Declension

Declension of о́ко
(inan velar neut-form accent-e irreg-plstem)

	singular	plural
nominative	о́ко óko	о́чі óči
genitive	о́ка óka	оче́й očéj
dative	о́ку óku	оча́м očám
accusative	о́ко óko	о́чі, ві́чі óči, víči
instrumental	о́ком ókom	очи́ма očýma
locative	о́ку, о́ці óku, óci	оча́х očáx
vocative	о́ко óko	о́чі óči

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish اوقه.

Noun

о́ко • (óko) n inan (genitive о́ка, nominative plural о́ка, genitive plural ок or вік)

1. (archaic) oka: A unit of weight, approximately 1.2 kg.
2. (archaic) oka: A measure for alcoholic beverages, approximately 1-1.5 liters.

Declension

Declension of о́ко
(inan velar neut-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	о́ко óko	о́ка óka
genitive	о́ка óka	ок, вік ok, vik
dative	о́кові, о́ку ókovi, óku	о́кам ókam
accusative	о́ко óko	о́ка óka
instrumental	о́ком ókom	о́ками ókamy
locative	о́ку óku	о́ках ókax
vocative	о́ко óko	о́ка óka

Further reading

• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2003), “о́ко”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 4 (Н – П), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 170
• Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “о́ко”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “око”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2025), “око”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–15 (а – п'ять), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
• “око”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
• “око”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
• “око”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)