permafrost

English

Etymology

perma- +‎ frost

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɝməˌfɹɔst/

Noun

permafrost (countable and uncountable, plural permafrosts)

1. Permanently frozen ground, or a specific layer thereof.
   • 2003, Johannes C. Nonner, Introduction to Hydrogeology, →ISBN, page 157,

     Nevertheless, the water molecule is present, as ice, in a solid form in frozen soils or permafrosts, which cover large regions characterised by a polar climate.

Derived terms

• permafrosted

Translations

permanently frozen ground

• Bulgarian: вечно замръзнала почва (večno zamrǎznala počva)
• Catalan: pergelisòl (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 永久凍土／永久冻土 (zh) (yǒngjiǔ dòngtǔ), 永久冻土 (zh) (yǒngjiǔ dòngtǔ)

• Dutch: permafrost (nl) m
• Finnish: ikirouta (fi)
• French: pergélisol (fr) m, permafrost (fr) m
• Galician: permafrost
• Georgian: მრავალწლოვანი მზრალობა (mravalc̣lovani mzraloba), მარადი მზრალობა (maradi mzraloba)
• German: Permafrostboden (de) n
• Indonesian: ibun abadi (id)
• Inuktitut: ᐊᐅᔪᐃᑦᑐᖅ (aoyoittoq)
• Irish: talamh síorshioctha m, talamh shíorshioctha f
• Italian: permafrost (it)
• Japanese: 永久凍土 (えいきゅうとうど, eikyūtōdo)
• Korean: 영구동토(永久凍土) (yeonggudongto)
• Latvian: mūžīgais sasalums m
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Lithuanian: amžinasis įšalas m
• Malay: ibun abadi
• Manx: sheer-rio m
• Maori: upokomārō pūmau
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: permafrost m

  Nynorsk: permafrost m

• Polish: wieczna zmarzlina f
• Portuguese: permafrost (pt) m
• Russian: ве́чная мерзлота́ f (véčnaja merzlotá)
• Spanish: permafrost (es) m, permacongelamiento m, permagel m, pergelisuelo m, pergelisol m, suelo permanentemente congelado m, suelo permanentemente helado m
• Ukrainian: багаторі́чна мерзлота́ f (bahatoríčna merzlotá), ві́чна мерзлота f (víčna merzlota)
• Welsh: rhew parhaol m (North), iâ parhaol m (South)

See also

• cryogenesis

Anagrams

• preformats

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Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English permafrost.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɛr.maːˌfrɔst/
• Hyphenation: per‧ma‧frost

Noun

permafrost m (uncountable)

1. permafrost

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French

Etymology

perma- +‎ frost.

Noun

permafrost m (plural permafrosts)

1. permafrost

Further reading

• “permafrost”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From English permafrost.

Noun

permafrost m (definite singular permafrosten, uncountable)

1. permafrost

References

• “permafrost” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “permafrost” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From English permafrost.

Noun

permafrost m (definite singular permafrosten, uncountable)

1. permafrost

References

• “permafrost” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Portuguese

Noun

permafrost m (uncountable)

1. (geology) permafrost (permanently frozen ground)

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Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from German Permafrost or French permafrost.

Noun

permafrost n (plural permafrosturi)

1. permafrost

Declension

Declension of permafrost

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) permafrost	permafrostul	(niște) permafrosturi	permafrosturile
genitive/dative	(unui) permafrost	permafrostului	(unor) permafrosturi	permafrosturilor
vocative	permafrostule		permafrosturilor

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Spanish

Etymology

From English permafrost.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /peɾmaˈfɾost/ [peɾ.maˈfɾost̪]

Noun

permafrost m (uncountable)

1. (geology) permafrost

   Synonyms: permagel, permacongelamiento

Further reading

• “permafrost”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014