Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/allaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *h₂elnós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“all”). See *ala- for the form without the nasal suffix. Cognate with Old Irish uile and probably Old Armenian ողջ (ołǰ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑl.lɑz/

Determiner

*allaz

1. all

Inflection

In compound words, the stem *ala- was apparently used instead of the regular *alla-. This might be evidence of an older heteroclitic or perhaps n-stem paradigm, in which *aln- became *all-.

Declension of *allaz (a-stem, strong only)

strong declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*allaz	*allai	*allō	*allôz	*alla	*allō
accusative	*allanǭ	*allanz	*allǭ	*allōz	—	*allō
genitive	*allas, *allis	*allaizǫ̂	*allaizōz	*allaizǫ̂	*allas, *allis	*allaizǫ̂
dative	*allammai	*allaimaz	*allaizōi	*allaimaz	*allammai	*allaimaz
instrumental	*allanō	*allaimiz	*allaizō	*allaimiz	*allanō	*allaimiz

Derived terms

• *Alamann-

Descendants

• Old English: eall, eal, all
  • Middle English: all, al
    • Scots: a', aw
    • English: all
    • Yola: aul
• Old Frisian: all
  • Saterland Frisian: al, aal
  • West Frisian: al
• Old Saxon: al
  • Middle Low German: al, alle
    • German Low German: all
• Old Dutch: al, ol
  • Middle Dutch: al
    • Dutch: al
      • Afrikaans: al
    • Limburgish: al
• Old High German: al
  • Middle High German: al
    • German: all
    • Yiddish: אַלץ‎‎ (alts)
• Old Norse: allr
  • Icelandic: allur
  • Faroese: allur
  • Norwegian: all, alt
  • Old Swedish: alder
    • Swedish: all
  • Danish: al
• Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐍃 (alls)

References

• Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press