Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/allaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *h₂elnós, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“all”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑl.lɑz/
• Rhymes: -ɑl.lɑz

Determiner

*allaz

1. all
2. whole, entire

Inflection

In compound words, the stem *ala- was apparently used instead of the regular *alla-. This might be evidence of an older heteroclitic or perhaps n-stem paradigm, in which *aln- became *all-.

Declension of *allaz (a-stem, strong only)

Strong declension
	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*allaz	*allō	*allą, *-at(ō)		*allai	*allôz	*allō
accusative	*allanǭ	*allǭ	*allą, *-at(ō)		*allanz	*allōz	*allō
genitive	*allas, *allis	*allaizōz	*allas, *allis		*allaizǫ̂	*allaizǫ̂	*allaizǫ̂
dative	*allammai	*allaizōi	*allammai		*allaimaz	*allaimaz	*allaimaz
instrumental	*allanō	*allaizō	*allanō		*allaimiz	*allaimiz	*allaimiz

Derived terms

• *Alamann-
• *alamann-
• *alaþeudō

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *all
  • Old English: eall, all — Anglian, æal, æall, eal, eæll, ᚪᛚ (al) — Ruthwell Cross
    • Middle English: all, al
      • English: all
      • Geordie: a'
      • Scots: a', a, aw, aa, aal (Shetland)
      • Yola: aul, aal, all, al
  • Old Frisian: al
    • North Frisian:

      Föhr-Amrum: aal

      Goesharde: aale

      Mooring: åle

      Sylt: ali

      Wiedingharde: ale

    • Saterland Frisian: al, aal
    • West Frisian: alle
  • Old Saxon: al, all
    • Middle Low German: al, alle
      • German Low German: all, alle (Münsterländisch; Sauerländisch), olle (Paderbornisch)
      • Plautdietsch: aul
  • Old Dutch: al, ol
    • Middle Dutch: al
      • Dutch: al
        • Afrikaans: al
      • Limburgish: al
  • Old High German: al, all
    • Middle High German: al
      • Alemannic German: älli
      • German: all
      • Luxembourgish: all
      • Vilamovian: oły, ołły
      • Yiddish: אַלע (ale)
• Old Norse: allr
  • Icelandic: allur
  • Faroese: allur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: all
  • Old Swedish: alder, ᛆᛚᚦᚽᚱ (Runic)
    • Swedish: all
  • Danish: al
    • Norwegian Bokmål: all
• Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐍃 (alls)

Further reading

• Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[2], 1st edition, Oxford: University Press, →ISBN, page 140