Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lausaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lewH-, *lū- (“to untie, set free, separate”). Related to *fraleusaną and Ancient Greek λύω (lúō).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɑu̯.sɑz/

Adjective

*lausaz

1. loose, free
2. empty, devoid
3. false, untrue
4. (in compounds) -less, lacking, devoid of

Inflection

Declension of *lausaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*lausaz	*lausai	*lausō	*lausôz	*lausą, -atō	*lausō
Accusative	*lausanǭ	*lausanz	*lausǭ	*lausōz	*lausą, -atō	*lausō
Genitive	*lausas, -is	*lausaizǫ̂	*lausaizōz	*lausaizǫ̂	*lausas, -is	*lausaizǫ̂
Dative	*lausammai	*lausaimaz	*lausaizōi	*lausaimaz	*lausammai	*lausaimaz
Instrumental	*lausanō	*lausaimiz	*lausaizō	*lausaimiz	*lausanō	*lausaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*lausô	*lausaniz	*lausǭ	*lausōniz	*lausô	*lausōnō
Accusative	*lausanų	*lausanunz	*lausōnų	*lausōnunz	*lausô	*lausōnō
Genitive	*lausiniz	*lausanǫ̂	*lausōniz	*lausōnǫ̂	*lausiniz	*lausanǫ̂
Dative	*lausini	*lausammaz	*lausōni	*lausōmaz	*lausini	*lausammaz
Instrumental	*lausinē	*lausammiz	*lausōnē	*lausōmiz	*lausinē	*lausammiz

Derived terms

• *-lausaz
• *lausijaną
• *lustuz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *laus
  • Old English: lēas
    • Middle English: leas, lees, les
  • Old Frisian: *lās (in compounds)
    • North Frisian: lus, luas
    • Saterland Frisian: loos
    • West Frisian: loas
  • Old Saxon: lōs
    • Middle Low German: lōs
      • Plautdietsch: looss
  • Old Dutch: *lōs
    • Middle Dutch: loos
      • Dutch: loos
        • Afrikaans: los
  • Old High German: lōs, -laos (once)
    • Middle High German: lōs
      • German: los
• Old Norse: lauss
  • Icelandic: laus
  • Faroese: leysur
  • Norn: los
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: løs
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: laus
  • Old Swedish: løs, lø̄s
    • Swedish: lös
  • Danish: løs
  • Gutnish: låss
  • → Middle English: lous, los, loos
    • English: loose
• Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃 (laus)