Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/peh₂-

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*peh₂-[1][2][3]

  1. to protect
  2. to shepherd

Usage notes

Semantic shift from "protector" towards "shepherd, herder" can be seen in many branches, signifying the importance of herding. Unusual is the o-grade root in Greek ποιμήν (poimḗn, “shepherd, herdsman”), where the abstract nomina agentis suffix *-mn̥ usually binds e-grade, but that hardly seems sufficient to reconstruct *h₃ in the root and to separate it from *peh₂-.

Derived terms

Template:PIE root see

  • *péh₂-ti ~ *ph₂-énti (athematic root present)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páHti
  • *péh₂-s-ti ~ *ph₂-s-énti (s-present)[4][5]
  • *ph₂-sḱé-ti (*sḱé-present)
    • Proto-Italic: *pāskō (possibly; enlarged into a sḱe-present)
      • Latin: pāscō (“put to graze”)
    • Proto-Tocharian: *pāsk-
      • Tocharian A: pās- ("to look after, guard")
      • Tocharian: paskenträ
  • *poh₂-t-éye- or *ph₂-t-éye- (enlarged causative)
    • Proto-Germanic: *fōdijaną (“to feed”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Hellenic:
      • Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
  • *ph₂-t-éh₂-(ye)-
    • Proto-Germanic: *fadōną (“to graze, feed oneself”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *poh₂-mn̥
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: πῶμα (pôma, “lid, cover”)
  • *poh₂-i-mn̥
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: piemuõ (“shepherd”)
      • → Finnish: paimen (“shepherd”))
    • Hellenic:
      • Mycenaean Greek: 𐀡𐀕 (po-me, “shepherd”)
      • Ancient Greek: ποιμήν (poimḗn, “shepherd, herdsman”)
  • *poh₂-yus
  • *ph₂tḗr (“father”)
  • *peh₂-lo-
  • *peh₂-tro- (“guarder, protector, keeper”)
  • *peh₂-dʰlom
  • *peh₂-dʰrom
    • Proto-Germanic: *fōdrą (“fodder, sheath”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *Péh₂-usōn[6]
    • Hellenic:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *puHšā́
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *puHṣā́
        • Sanskrit: पूषन् (pūṣán, “Vedic god of meeting, marriages, journeys, roads, and the feeding of cattle”)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Albanian: pashë (aoristic of shikojë (“to see, to look at”))
    • Armenian:
    • Proto-Germanic: *fōdô (“food”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: πῶυ (pôu, “flock of sheep”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *paH-
      • Proto-Iranian: *paH-
        • Bactrian: αβαδο (abado, “cultivated”)
        • Kurdish:
          • Kurmanji: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
          • Zazaki: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
        • Old Persian: 𐎱𐎠𐎮𐎹 (pā-), 𐎱𐎠 (p-a)
      • Persian: آباد (ābād, “inhabited, cultivated; city, habitation”) < Iranian *āpāta-
      • Kurdish:
        • Kurmanji: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. < Iranian *āpāta-
        • Sorani: Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. < Iranian *āpāta-
    • Italic:

References

  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “pā-: pə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 787
  2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “pō(i)-: (pəi- ?:) pī-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 839
  3. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*peh₂(i̯)-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 460
  4. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “paḫš-a(ri), paḫš-i”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 707-709
  5. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pasti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 392
  6. ^ Lua error in Module:quote at line 897: |date= should contain a full date (year, month, day of month); use |year= for year
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