Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*steh₂- (perfective)

to stand (up)

Derived terms

Template:PIE root see

*stéh₂-t ~ *sth₂-ént (athematic root aorist)^[1]
*stí-steh₂-ti ~ *stí-sth₂-n̥ti (athematic reduplicated present)^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]
*st-né-h₂-ti ~ *st-n̥-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)^[1]^[7]
*stéh₂-ye-ti (ye-present)^[1]^[8]^[9]^[10]
*ste-stóh₂-e ~ *ste-sth₂-ḗr (stative)
*sth₂-eh₁-(yé)-ti (eh₁-stative)^[11]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *stojati ⇐ earlier *stojěti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *staēō (see there for further descendants)
*stoh₂-éye-ti (causative)^[1]^[12]
*steh₂-tleh₂^[13]
- Proto-Celtic: *stātlā
  - Brythonic:
    - Middle Breton: seuzl
    - Cornish: seudhel, sul
    - Middle Welsh: saudel, sodlau
      - Welsh: sawdl
  - Old Irish: sál
*sth₂-dʰlo-m
- Proto-Italic: *staðlom
  - Latin: stabulum
  - Oscan: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌚𐌋𐌀𐌕𐌀𐌔𐌔𐌄𐌕 (staflatasset), σταβαλανο (stabalano)
  - Umbrian: staflarem, staflare, 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌚𐌋𐌉 (stafli)
*steh₂-gʰo-^[14]
- Lithuanian: stógas
*sth₂-e-lo-m^[15]^[16]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stálan
  - Lithuanian: stãlas
  - Old Prussian: stallan
  - Proto-Slavic: *stolъ, *stòlъ
*stéh₂-mn̥ ~ *sth₂-mén-s
*steh₂-mo-^[11]
- Proto-Italic: *stā-mo-
  - Umbrian: stahmei, stahmito, stahmitei, stahmietei
*steh₂-men-^[17]
- Lithuanian: stuomuõ
- Latvian: stāmen
*stoh₂-mo-^[18]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: stúomas
  - Proto-Slavic: *stamъ (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: στώμιξ (stṓmix)
*sth₂-dʰ-mo-
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: σταθμός (stathmós)
*stéh₂-no-^[19]^[20]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀnas
  - Lithuanian: stónas
  - Proto-Slavic: *stanъ, *stânъ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stáHnam (see there for further descendants)
*sth₂-(e)nt-ieh₂^[21]^[22]
- Proto-Albanian: *śtantśiā
  - Albanian: shtazë, shtãzë, shtëzë
*steh₂-ro-^[23]^[24]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀras
  - Lithuanian: stóras
  - Proto-Slavic: *stàrъ (see there for further descendants)
*stéh₂-ti-s ~ *sth₂-téy-s
*sth₂-tós^[6]^[25]
*stéh₂-tu-s ~ *sth₂-téw-s^[11]
- Proto-Italic: *status
  - Latin: status
  - Marsian: state
  - Oscan: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌝𐌚 (statíf)
  - Umbrian: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌀 (statita), 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (statitatu)
Unsorted formations:
- Albanian:
  - Proto-Albanian:
    - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Old Prussian: postātwei, postānimai
- Proto-Germanic: *stamniz (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: στάδιος (stádios), στάδιον (stádion)
- Indo-Iranian:
  - Iranian:
    - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=., Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E., Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
    - Persian: ایستادن (istadæn)
    - Ossetian: стын (styn)
- Phrygian: εσταες (estaes)
- Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: stamalñe

Extended form *steh₂dʰ-

*sth₂-né-dʰ- ~ *sth₂-n̥-dʰ- (extended nasal-infix present)
- Proto-Germanic: *standaną (see there for further descendants)
*stéh₂dʰ-om^[26]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *stàdo (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *stōdą

Extended form *steh₂w-^[27]^[28]

*steh₂w-^[29]^[30]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀv-
  - Latvian: stavet, stãvẽt
  - Lithuanian: stovė́ti
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=. (see there for further descendants)
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=. (see there for further descendants)
*steh₂-u-rós, *st-u-h₂-rós (with laryngeal metathesis)
- Proto-Germanic: *staura
  - Middle Low German: stūr
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
    - Faroese: steyrur
    - Old Swedish: stūr
      - Swedish: stör
- Proto-Hellenic: *staurós
  - Ancient Greek: σταυρός (staurós)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰuHrás (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *stauros
  - Latin: īnstaurō, restaurō
*stoh₂-w-ih₂ (collective)^[31]
- Proto-Hellenic: *stōyyā́ (apparently with differing outcomes of Osthoff's law)
  - Ancient Greek: στοᾱ́ (stoā́), στοιᾱ́ (stoiā́), στοιή (stoiḗ), στῳᾱ́ (stōiā́), στωϊᾱ́ (stōïā́)
*steh₂-weh₂ or *stoh₂-weh₂
- Proto-Germanic: *stōwō^[32]
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.^[33]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀvāˀ
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
  - Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 290: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 590-592
^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell
^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἵστημι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 601
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 338
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sistō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 567
^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “shtãj”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[2] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 378
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 373–74
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “stō, stāre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 589-590
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stojati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 468
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 354–55
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stòlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 426
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 433
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 433
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stânъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429
^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “shtãnzë”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[3] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 371
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “shtazë, shtëzë ~ shtâzë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stàrъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430
^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “shtat”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[4] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 260
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stàdo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 464-465
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “īnstaurō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 305
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σταυρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1391
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stàviti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 466
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “στοᾱ́”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1407
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*stōō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 481
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “stōwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[5], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 379

[LIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 590-592

[Fortson_2004-2] Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell

[Ringe_2006-3] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[Beekes-4] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἵστημι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 601

[M_sista--5] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 338

[DV_sistō-6] 6.0 ^6.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sistō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 567

[D_shtãj-7] Demiraj, B. (1997) “shtãj”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[2] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 378

[M_*tā-yo-8] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 373–74

[D_*stàti-9] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465

[D_stoti-10] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430

[DV_stō-11] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “stō, stāre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 589-590

[D_*stojati-12] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stojati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 468

[M_*stātlā-13] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 354–55

[D_stogas_II-14] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429

[D_*stòlъ-15] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stòlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465

[D_stalas-16] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 426

[D_stuomuo-17] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 433

[D_stuomas-18] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 433

[D_*stânъ-19] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stânъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465

[D_stonas-20] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429

[D_shtãnsë-21] Demiraj, B. (1997) “shtãnzë”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[3] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 371

[Orel-22] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “shtazë, shtëzë ~ shtâzë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN

[D_*stàrъ-23] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stàrъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465

[D_storas-24] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430

[D_shtat-25] Demiraj, B. (1997) “shtat”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[4] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 260

[D_*stàdo-26] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stàdo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 464-465

[27] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “īnstaurō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 305

[28] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σταυρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1391

[D_*stàviti-29] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stàviti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 466

[D_stoveti-30] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430

[31] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “στοᾱ́”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1407

[32] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*stōō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 481

[33] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “stōwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[5], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 379

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steh₂-

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Proto-Indo-European

Root

Derived terms

References

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steh₂-

Proto-Indo-European

Root

Derived terms

References

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