Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swéḱs

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Given the attested forms in the daughter languages, some have proposed one original form *wéḱs (Armenian, Old Prussian and even Ancient Greek). The initial *s- was secondary (imported from *septḿ̥) and when it was just added the result was *swéḱs (Celtic, Ancient Greek, if not from *wéḱs, and Iranian), but when it was substituted for the original consonant letter the result was *séḱs (Sanskrit, Latin, Germanic, Lithuanian and OCS).

Numeral

cardinal number

6	Previous:	*pénkʷe
	Next:	*septḿ̥

*swéḱs

1. six

Descendants

• Proto-Albanian: *seksti
  • Albanian: gjashtë
• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: վեց (vecʻ)
    • Armenian: վեց (vecʻ)
• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *šéš
  • Lithuanian: šešì
  • Latvian: seši
  • Proto-Slavic: *šestь (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Celtic: *swexs (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Germanic: *sehs (see there for further descendants)
• Hellenic: *hwéks
  • Ancient Greek: ἕξ (héx)
    • Greek: έξι (éxi)
  • Doric: ϝέξ (wéx)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *šwáćš
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ṣwáṭṣ
    • Sanskrit: षष् (ṣáṣ), षट् (ṣáṭ)
      • Bengali: ছয় (choẏ)
      • Gujarati: છ (cha)
      • Punjabi: ਛੇ (che)
      • Hindustani:
        • Hindi: छह (chah)
        • Urdu: چھہ (chah)
  • Iranian: *xšwáš, *šwáš
    • Avestan: 𐬑𐬴𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬱 (xṣ̌uuaš)
    • Baluchi: شش (šaš)
    • Kurdish: şeş
    • Old Persian: *xšaš
      • Middle Persian: 𐭱𐭲𐭠 (šaš)
        • Persian: شش (šaš, šeš)
          • Tajik: шаш (šaš)
• Proto-Italic: *seks
  • Latin: sex (see there for further descendants)
• → Proto-Kartvelian: *eks₁w- (see there for further descendants)
• Tocharian:
  • Tocharian А: ṣäk
  • Tocharian В: ṣkas

References

• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN