Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/septḿ̥
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]The term is similar to Proto-Semitic *šabʕ-, from which it may be a borrowing.[1][2][3] Moreover, the term is similar to Proto-Kartvelian *šwid- (“seven”) and Hurrian [script needed] (šittanna), which leads to EIEC to suggest that the numeral was a "culture word" in Anatolia and Mesopotamia during the 14th-century BCE.[4] According to the linguist Stefan Zimmer, the exchange of such basic vocabulary between the Indo-European and Semitic language families may indicate "direct contact" between early Indo-European and Semitic peoples.[5]
Numeral
[edit]| < 6 | 7 | 8 > |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal : *septḿ̥ Ordinal : *septm̥mós[6] | ||
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Anatolian: *septam
- Hittite: [script needed] (šipta-)
- Luwian:
- >? Anatolian hieroglyphic script: [Anatolian hieroglyphic needed] (šaptam-)[8]
- Proto-Albanian: *septati (< *septm̥-ti-[9])
- Albanian: shtatë
- Proto-Armenian:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *septín (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *seɸtam (earlier version)
- Proto-Celtic: *sextam (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *sebun (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *heptə́ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *saptá (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *septem (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian:
- → Proto-Ugric: *säptɜ (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- ^ Werner Winter (1992), “Some thoughts about Indo-European numerals”, in Jadranka Gvozdanović, editor, Indo-European Numerals, Mouton de Gruyter, , →ISBN, page 17
- ^ Drinka, Bridget (1993), “The dispersion of Indo-European dialects: clues from morphology”, in Word: Journal of the International Linguistic Association[1], volume 44, number 3, →ISSN, page 414
- ^ Kapović, Mate (2017), “Part 1 Chapter 2: Proto-Indo-European morphology”, in Kapović, Mate, editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 90
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “septḿ̥”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 402
- ^ Gaitzsch, Torsten (2017–2018), “Chapter I: General and methodological issues”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The homeland of the speakers of Proto-Indo-European, page 87
- ^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010), Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell, page 146
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 87
- ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “šiptamii̯a-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 755-756
- ^ Oryol, Vladimir E. (1998), “shtatë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 436
Further reading
[edit]- Blažek, Václav (1999), Numerals: comparative-etymological analyses of numeral systems and their implications (Opera Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Facultas philosophica; 322)[3], Brno: Masarykova Univerzita, page 246
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “septṃ”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 909