Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sḗm
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Originally a root noun *sḗm (“whole, one”), in any case from the root *sem- (“one”).
Numeral
[edit]| 10 | ||||
| 1 | 2 → | 10 → | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: *h₁óynos, *sḗm Ordinal: *pr̥h₂wós Adverbial: *somHós Fractional: *sēmi Prefix: *sm̥- | ||||
*sḗm
Inflection
[edit]| Athematic, amphikinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *sḗm | *sémih₂ | |
| genitive | *smés | *sm̥yéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sḗm | — | — |
| vocative | *sém | — | — |
| accusative | *sḗm | — | — |
| genitive | *smés | — | — |
| ablative | *smés | — | — |
| dative | *sméy | — | — |
| locative | *sém, *sémi | — | — |
| instrumental | *sméh₁ | — | — |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sémih₂ | — | — |
| vocative | *sémih₂ | — | — |
| accusative | *sémih₂m̥ | — | — |
| genitive | *sm̥yéh₂s | — | — |
| ablative | *sm̥yéh₂s | — | — |
| dative | *sm̥yéh₂ey | — | — |
| locative | *sm̥yéh₂, *sm̥yéh₂i | — | — |
| instrumental | *sm̥yéh₂h₁ | — | — |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sém | — | — |
| vocative | *sém | — | — |
| accusative | *sém | — | — |
| genitive | *smés | — | — |
| ablative | *smés | — | — |
| dative | *sméy | — | — |
| locative | *sém, *sémi | — | — |
| instrumental | *sméh₁ | — | — |
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- >? Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒊭𒉌 (sani-, “single”)
- Proto-Armenian:
- Proto-Albanian: *mi̯á-
- Proto-Hellenic: *hens (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *hmia (< *sm-ih₂)
- Ancient Greek: μία (mía)
- Proto-Tocharian: *sems (see there for further descendants)
See also
[edit]Proto-Indo-European cardinal numbers from 1 to 90
| —0 | —1 | —2 | —3 | —4 | —5 | —6 | —7 | —8 | —9 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0— | — | *h₁óynos, *sḗm | *dwóh₁ | *tréyes | *kʷetwóres | *pénkʷe | *swéḱs | *septḿ̥ | *oḱtṓw | *h₁néwn̥ |
| 1— | *déḱm̥ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2— | *wídḱm̥ti | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 3— | *tridḱómt | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 4— | *kʷétwr̥dḱomt | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 5— | *pénkʷedḱomt | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 6— | *swéḱsdḱomt | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 7— | *septḿ̥dḱomt | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 8— | *oḱtódḱomt | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 9— | *h₁néwn̥dḱomt | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
References
[edit]- ^ Demiraj, Bardhyl et al. (2021), “sḗm”, in DPEWA. Digitales Philologisch-Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altalbanischen [DPEWA. Digital Philological-Etymological Dictionary of Old Albanian]