Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁óynos
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Alternative reconstructions
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Perhaps built on the pronominal stem *éy (“he, she, it”), in which case the suffix would have been used in contradiction to its presumed usage. Homer's use of feminine ἴα (ía, “one”), from *ih₂, directly from the pronominal stem *i- has been suggested as a corroboration for this.
Alternative forms in PIE include *Hóywos, attested in Greek and Indo-Iranian (cf. Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (aēuua)) and *Hóykos, attested only in Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit एक (éka)).
Numeral
[edit]| 1 | 2 > | |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal : *h₁óynos Ordinal : *pr̥h₂wós Adverbial : *somHós Fractional : *sēmi Prefix : *sm̥- | ||
*h₁óynos[3]
Inflection
[edit]| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *h₁óynos | *h₁óyneh₂ | |
| genitive | *h₁óynosyo | *h₁óyneh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁óynos | — | — |
| vocative | *h₁óyne | — | — |
| accusative | *h₁óynom | — | — |
| genitive | *h₁óynosyo | — | — |
| ablative | *h₁óynead | — | — |
| dative | *h₁óynoey | — | — |
| locative | *h₁óyney, *h₁óynoy | — | — |
| instrumental | *h₁óynoh₁ | — | — |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁óyneh₂ | — | — |
| vocative | *h₁óyneh₂ | — | — |
| accusative | *h₁óynām | — | — |
| genitive | *h₁óyneh₂s | — | — |
| ablative | *h₁óyneh₂s | — | — |
| dative | *h₁óyneh₂ey | — | — |
| locative | *h₁óyneh₂, *h₁óyneh₂i | — | — |
| instrumental | *h₁óyneh₂h₁ | — | — |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁óynom | — | — |
| vocative | *h₁óynom | — | — |
| accusative | *h₁óynom | — | — |
| genitive | *h₁óynosyo | — | — |
| ablative | *h₁óynead | — | — |
| dative | *h₁óynoey | — | — |
| locative | *h₁óyney, *h₁óynoy | — | — |
| instrumental | *h₁óynoh₁ | — | — |
Reconstruction notes
[edit]The acute accent in Balto-Slavic could point to a medial laryngeal, at least in the *HóyHnos form, but Derksen disagrees.[4]
According to Arnaud Fournet, Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas is unique among all Indo-European languages and shows similarity with counterparts in Uralic languages.[5] Compare, however, Proto-Albanian *ne uka (whence Albanian nuk).
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Albanian: *ainja (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *aiˀnas
- Proto-Celtic: *oinos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *ainaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *óynos
- Proto-Italic: *oinos (see there for further descendants)
Derived terms
[edit]- *h₁óy-kos
- *h₁óy-wos
- *h₁i-no-s[6]
- *h₁edʰ-inos
- *h₁ino-kós
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *īˀnas[6]
- Proto-Baltic: *winyas
- *h₁oy-no-kós
- (possibly) *h₁óy-n̥-ki-
References
[edit]- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*oyno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 304-5
- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 588
- ^ Lundquist, Jesse, Yates, Anthony D. (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Proto-Indo-European, page 2104: “*(h₁)oi-no-”
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “vienas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 501
- ^ Fournet, Arnaud (2010) About the Mitanni-Aryan Gods, The Journal of Indo-European Studies, Volume 38, Number 1 & 2, Spring/Summer 2010, p.27
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “ynas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 201: “BSL *iʔnos; PIE *Hi-no-”
Further reading
[edit]- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 286
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