Proto-Indo-European [ edit ]
Etymology [ edit ]
Perhaps built on the pronominal stem *éy ( “ he, she, it ” ) + *-nós , in which case the suffix would have been used in contradiction to its presumed usage. Homer's use of feminine ἴα ( ía , “ one ” ) , from *ih₂ , directly from the pronominal stem *i- has been suggested as a corroboration for this.
Numeral [ edit ]
cardinal number
1
Previous:
n/a
Next:
*dwóh₁
*óynos
one
single
Inflection [ edit ]
Thematic
masculine
feminine
nominative
*óynos
*óyneh₂
genitive
*óynosyo
*óyneh₂s
masculine
singular
dual
plural
nominative
*óynos
—
—
vocative
*óyne
—
—
accusative
*óynom
—
—
genitive
*óynosyo
—
—
ablative
*óynead
—
—
dative
*óynoey
—
—
locative
*óyney , *óynoy
—
—
instrumental
*óynoh₁
—
—
feminine
singular
dual
plural
nominative
*óyneh₂
—
—
vocative
*óyneh₂
—
—
accusative
*óynām
—
—
genitive
*óyneh₂s
—
—
ablative
*óyneh₂s
—
—
dative
*óyneh₂ey
—
—
locative
*óyneh₂ , *óyneh₂i
—
—
instrumental
*óyneh₂h₁
—
—
neuter
singular
dual
plural
nominative
*óynom
—
—
vocative
*óynom
—
—
accusative
*óynom
—
—
genitive
*óynosyo
—
—
ablative
*óynead
—
—
dative
*óynoey
—
—
locative
*óyney , *óynoy
—
—
instrumental
*óynoh₁
—
—
Acute accent in Balto-Slavic points to a medial laryngeal, at least in the *HóyHnos form.
Descendants [ edit ]
Albanian: *ainja
Balto-Slavic: *eynos , *(o)iHnos < PIE *HiHnos
Latvian: viêns
Lithuanian: víenas
Latgalian: vīns
Old Prussian: ainan (accusative singular)
Slavic: *edinъ (see there for further descendants )
Celtic: *oinos (see there for further descendants )
Germanic: *ainaz (see there for further descendants )
Hellenic: *óywos , *óynos
Ancient Greek: οἶος ( oîos ) , οἶνος ( oînos , “ the ace on dice ” ) , οἴνη ( oínē , “ the ace on dice ” )
Indo-Iranian: *Háykas (< PIE *Hoykos ), *Háywas (< PIE *Hoywos ), *Haina- (< PIE *Hoynos )
Indo-Aryan: *Háykas (< *Haykas), *Haiwa- (< *Haywas), *Haina- (< *Haynas)
Sanskrit एक ( éka ) , एव ( evá ) , एन ( ena )
Iranian: *aika- (< *Haykas), *aiwa- (< *Haywas)
Avestan: 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 ( aēuua )
Bactrian: ιωγο ( iōgo ) / ywg ( yōg ) (< *aiva-ka-)
Kurdish: yek
Old Persian: [script needed] ( aiva- )
Middle Persian: ēk (< *aika-); ē(w), -ē(w) (< aiva-); ēwak (< *aiva-ka-)
Persian: یک ( yak ) ; ـی ( -ē )
Ossetian: иу ( iw )
Italic: *oinos
Old Latin: oinos
Latin: ūnus (see there for further descendants )
Oscan: 𐌖𐌉𐌍𐌖𐌔 ( uinus )
Umbrian: 𐌖𐌍𐌔 ( uns )
References [ edit ]
Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin , Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Julius Pokorny (1959 ), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch , in 3 vols, Bern, München: Francke Verlag