Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/óynos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Perhaps built on the pronominal stem *éy (“he, she, it”) +‎ *-nós. That Homer uses feminine ἴα (ía, “one”), from *ih₂, directly from the pronominal stem *i- might just corroborate this.

Numeral

cardinal number
1
	Previous:	n/a
	Next:	*dwóh₁

*óynos

1. one
2. single

Inflection

Thematic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*óynos	*óyneh₂
genitive	*óynosyo	*óyneh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*óynos	—	—
vocative	*óyne	—	—
accusative	*óynom	—	—
genitive	*óynosyo	—	—
ablative	*óynead	—	—
dative	*óynoey	—	—
locative	*óyney, *óynoy	—	—
instrumental	*óynoh₁	—	—
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*óyneh₂	—	—
vocative	*óyneh₂	—	—
accusative	*óynām	—	—
genitive	*óyneh₂s	—	—
ablative	*óyneh₂s	—	—
dative	*óyneh₂ey	—	—
locative	*óyneh₂, *óyneh₂i	—	—
instrumental	*óyneh₂h₁	—	—
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*óynom	—	—
vocative	*óynom	—	—
accusative	*óynom	—	—
genitive	*óynosyo	—	—
ablative	*óynead	—	—
dative	*óynoey	—	—
locative	*óyney, *óynoy	—	—
instrumental	*óynoh₁	—	—

Comment

Acute accent in Balto-Slavic points to a medial laryngeal, at least in the *HóyHnos form.

Descendants

• Albanian: *ainja
  • Albanian: një
• Balto-Slavic: *eynos, *(o)iHnos < PIE *HiHnos
  • Latvian: viêns
  • Lithuanian: víenas
  • Latgalian: vīns
  • Old Prussian: ainan (accusative singular)
  • Slavic: *edinъ (see there for further descendants)
• Celtic: *oinos (see there for further descendants)
• Germanic: *ainaz (see there for further descendants)
• Hellenic: *óywos, *óynos
  • Ancient Greek: οἶος (oîos), οἶνος (oînos, “the ace on dice”), οἴνη (oínē, “the ace on dice”)
• Indo-Iranian: *Háykas (< PIE *Hoykos), *Háywas (< PIE *Hoywos), *Haina- (< PIE *Hoynos)
  • Indo-Aryan: *Háikas (< *Haykas), *Haiwa- (< *Haywas), *Haina- (< *Haynas)
    • Sanskrit एक (éka), एव (evá), एन (ena)
      • Punjabi: ਇੱਕ (ikka) (ika)
      • Bengali: এক (ek)
      • Hindustani: एक (ek) / ایک‏ (ek)
      • Malay: eka (eka-) / ekă- (ekă-) / ايک‏ (ايک-‏)
        • Indonesian: eka
      • Sinhalese: එක (eka)
  • Iranian: *aika- (< *Haykas), *aiwa- (< *Haywas)
    • Avestan: 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀‏ (aēuua)
    • Bactrian: ιωγο (iōgo) / ywg‏ (yōg) (< *aiva-ka-)
    • Kurdish: yek
    • Old Persian: [script needed] (aiva-)
      • Middle Persian: ēk (< *aika-); ē(w), -ē(w) (< aiva-); ēwak (< *aiva-ka-)
        • Persian: یک‏ (yak); ـی‏ (-ē)
          • Tajik: як (yak); -е (-e)
    • Ossetian: иу (iw)
• Italic: *oinos
  • Old Latin: oinos
    • Latin: ūnus (see there for further descendants)
  • Oscan: 𐌖𐌉𐌍𐌖𐌔 (uinus)
  • Umbrian: 𐌖𐌍𐌔 (uns)

References

• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press
• Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, in 3 vols, Bern, München: Francke Verlag