Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Thematisation of *ís.

Pronoun

1. that, who, which (relative)

Inflection

Thematic pronominal
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*yós	*yéh₂
genitive	*yósyo	*yósyeh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*yós	*yóh₁	*yóy
accusative	*yóm	*yóh₁	*yóms
genitive	*yósyo	*?	*yóysoHom
ablative	*yósmead	*?	*yóymos
dative	*yósmey	*?	*yóymos
locative	*yósmi	*?	*yóysu
instrumental	*yónoh₁	*?	*yṓys
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*yéh₂	*?	*yéh₂es
accusative	*yā́m	*?	*yéh₂m̥s
genitive	*yósyeh₂s	*?	*yéh₂soHom
ablative	*yósyeh₂s	*?	*yéh₂mos
dative	*yósyeh₂ey	*?	*yéh₂mos
locative	*yósyeh₂	*?	*yéh₂su
instrumental	*yéh₂(e)h₁	*?	*yéh₂mis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*yód	*yóy	*yéh₂
accusative	*yód	*yóy	*yéh₂
genitive	*yósyo	*?	*yóysoHom
ablative	*yósmead	*?	*yóymos
dative	*yósmey	*?	*yóymos
locative	*yósmi	*?	*yóysu
instrumental	*yónoh₁	*?	*yṓys

Derived terms

• *yo-yo-
  • Proto-Hellenic: *hoī́os
    • Ancient Greek: οἷος (hoîos)
• *yo-ty-o
  • Proto-Hellenic: *hótsos
    • Ancient Greek: ὅσος (hósos)

Descendants

• Balto-Slavic:
  • Proto-Slavic: *jь (partially)
• Celtic: *yos, -yo
  • Celtiberian: ios
  • Gaulish: -ío
• Proto-Hellenic: *yós
  • Ancient Greek: ὅς (hós)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyás (see there for further descendants)
• Italic:
  • Latin: iam (< *yā́m)
• Phrygian: ιος (ios)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ὡς (hōs) ὅστις (hóstis), ἡλίκος (hēlíkos), ἡνίκα (hēníka), ἦμος (êmos)