Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuningaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *kunungaz

Etymology

From *kunją +‎ *-ingaz, 'someone of the family'.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈku.niŋ.ɡɑz/

Noun

*kuningaz m

1. king

Related terms

• *kuningǭ

Derived terms

• *kuningadōmaz
• *kuningarīkiją

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *kuningaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kuningaz	*kuningōz, *kuningōs
vocative	*kuning	*kuningōz, *kuningōs
accusative	*kuningą	*kuninganz
genitive	*kuningas, *kuningis	*kuningǫ̂
dative	*kuningai	*kuningamaz
instrumental	*kuningō	*kuningamiz

Descendants

• Old English: cyning, cyng, cyneg, cynig, kyning, kuning
  • Middle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig
    • English: king, kyng, kynge
      • Tok Pisin: king
      • → Isubu: kinge
      • → Japanese: キング (kingu)
      • → Maori: kingi
    • Scots: keeng, king
• Old Frisian: kening, kining, kinig, keneng, koning
  • North Frisian: köning, könning, käning
  • Saterland Frisian: Köönich
  • West Frisian: kening
• Old Saxon: kuning
  • Middle Low German: könink, könnink, kunig
    • Low German:
      • Dutch Low Saxon: koaning, könning
      • German Low German: Koning, Köning, Keunig
        • Plautdietsch: Kjennich
    • → Latgalian: kieneņš
    • → Latvian: ķēniņš
    • → West Frisian: keuning
• Old Dutch: kuning
  • Middle Dutch: cōninc
    • Dutch: koning
      • Afrikaans: koning
      • → Sranan Tongo: kownu
    • Limburgish: keuning
• Old High German: kuning
  • Middle High German: künic, künec
    • Alemannic German: Künig, Chüng, Keenig
    • Bavarian: Kine, Kini, Kenig, Kineng
    • Central Franconian: Kinnik, Künning, Künnik
    • German: König
      • → Central Franconian: Künnisch
    • Luxembourgish: Kinnek
    • Rhine Franconian:

      Pennsylvania German: Keenich

    • Vilamovian: kyng
    • Yiddish: קיניג‎ (kinig)
• Old Norse: konungr, kongr
  • Icelandic: konungur, kóngur
  • Faroese: kongur, konungur
  • Norn: konung
  • Norwegian: konge
  • Old Swedish: konunger, kununger, kunger
    • Swedish: konung, kung
  • Old Danish: kung, konung
    • Danish: konge, kong, konning
      • → Greenlandic: kunngi
  • Westrobothnian: kóng
  • Elfdalian: kunungg
  • Gutnish: kuningg, kungg
  • Scanian: káng
• → Lithuanian: kunigas, kuningas
• → Finnic: *kuningas (see there for further descendants)
• → Samic:
  • Northern Sami: gonagas
  • Lule Sami: gånågis
  • Skolt Sami: koonǥõs
• → Slavic: *kъnędzь (see there for further descendants)